The 100 most-cited articles in Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja, 2023

We present a gauge-invariant framework for bubble nucleation in theories with radiative symmetry breaking at high temperature. As a procedure, this perturbative framework establishes a practical, gaugeinvariant computation of the leading order nucleation rate, based on a consistent power counting in the high-temperature expansion. In model building and particle phenomenology, this framework has applications such as the computation of the bubble nucleation temperature and the rate for electroweak baryogenesis and gravitational wave signals from cosmic phase transitions.

Species identification forms the basis for understanding the diversity of the living world, but it is also a prerequisite for understanding many evolutionary patterns and processes. The most promising approach for correctly delimiting and identifying species is to integrate many types of information in the same study. Our aim was to test how cuticular hydro- carbons, traditional morphometrics, genetic polymorphisms in nuclear markers (allozymes and DNA microsatellites) and DNA barcoding (partial mitochondrial COI gene) perform in delimiting species. As an example, we used two closely related Formica ants, F. fusca and F. lemani, sampled from a sympatric population in the northern part of their distribu- tion. Morphological characters vary and overlap in different parts of their distribution areas, but cuticular hydrocarbons include a strong taxonomic signal and our aim is to test the degree to which morphological and genetic data correspond to the chemical data. In the morphological analysis, species were best separated by the combined number of hairs on pro- notum and mesonotum,…

Habit is among the most influential explanations for why people vote. Scholars have addressed the impact of individual disruptions to habitual voting, but analyses including several life events are rare. We combine two panel surveys, conducted in the UK during 1991-2017, to examine the impact of unemployment, retirement, changes in partnership status, moving and disability on voting. We distinguish between habitual voters, occasional voters and habitual non-voters. For all voter groups, turnout declines with divorce. For other life events, the impacts diverge across the voter groups. Overall, the findings suggest that social connections are the strongest underlying mechanisms explaining the changes. Although the results support the voting habit thesis, they also suggest that previous research has overstated the persistence of voting habits. The results revise some of the canonical findings by demonstrating that the impact of life events differs across people with different voting habits and across different life events.

This paper examines the commodification of the digital nomad lifestyle by private and public sector actors. Since the 2010s, there has been an ever-increasing number of services, infrastructures and events (i.e., digital nomad infrastructure, DNI) tailored to the growing digital nomad consumer segment. Previously approached as a counter-cultural and alternative lifestyle, the increased commodification of digital nomadism speaks of it becoming more mainstream. Yet, little is known of how the DNI conditions a digital nomad’s mobile lifestyle, and more broadly, how the commodification of the digital nomad lifestyle shapes the digital nomadic mobilities. The data for this paper consists of 1) multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, including observation and forty-six interviews with digital nomads and different stakeholders in Spain (2021-2022), Bulgaria (2021) and Thailand (2019) and of 2) online data, including a mapping of services digital nomads employ. The rise of the DNI, a diverse set of services and infrastructures of which nomads can take advantage, evidence the rapid…

In a previous work we established a multilinear duality and factorisation theory for norm inequalities for pointwise weighted geometric means of positive linear operators defined on normed lattices. In this paper we extend the reach of the theory for the first time to the setting of general linear operators defined on normed spaces. The scope of this theory includes multilinear Fourier restriction-type inequalities. We also sharpen our previous theory of positive operators.Our results all share a common theme: estimates on a weighted geometric mean of linear operators can be disentangled into quantitatively linked estimates on each operator separately. The concept of disentanglement recurs throughout the paper.The methods we used in the previous work - principally convex optimisation - relied strongly on positivity. In contrast, in this paper we use a vector-valued reformulation of disentanglement, geometric properties (Rademacher-type) of the underlying normed spaces, and probabilistic considerations related to p-stable random variables.

This is chapter 3 of the State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report 2022. Dust consists of fine and coarse particles that travel in the atmosphere and are deposited on the Earth’s surface. Dust particles deposited on snow and ice can cause snow darkening and contribute to melting. In this chapter, we summarise existing knowledge on local and long-range dust sources in Svalbard, and describe current methodologies for studying dust from both an observational and modelling perspective. Dust science in Svalbard is still in its infancy; future research will help to disentangle the complex role of dust in the Svalbard environment.

As citizens of the world, we are dealing with all kinds of complex issues and challenges, such as climate change, global health, multiculturalism, social justice, artificial intelligence and new technologies. These challenges require us to build visions of the future that empower our actions today. This will define the future for all of us. Research shows that people expect the future to be greatly influenced by science and technology. We, however, need to ensure that the advancements in science are in line with the futures we envision. It is, therefore, essential to think critically about the possibilities and pitfalls of science-driven innovations and to connect them in an interdisciplinary way. This will increase scientific literacy, agency, and responsible research and innovation. Significant overlap exists between futures thinking skills and scientific competencies, such as problem-solving and critical and creative thinking. However, extending the scientific competencies with additional skills related to futures thinking, like time perspective, agency beliefs, openness to…

The integration of talent management and diversity management has gained considerable scholarly attention. This is primarily due to recent developments in the labour market, which have created shortages of specialized skills within business organizations. Concurrently, advancements in technology have facilitated the adoption of more flexible work arrangements, including remote work options. However, research on the management of diverse talent in remote work environments is still limited, and few ideas have been presented on how to deal with talent management in remote work contexts. This is an important omission because the inclusion of minority group members is an important theme in Human Resource Management and talent management research. This study argues that a deeper understanding of digital learning including the use of artificial intelligence could represent a foundation from which to improve diverse talent management practices in remote work settings. Accordingly, this chapter’s objective is to discuss the effect of the remote work context on diverse talent management and…

The current study aimed at finding probable differences between native-Persian-speaking (n = 72) and native-English-speaking (n = 72) academic writers’ use of hedging devices in the ‘discussion’ sections of research articles (RAs). 144 RA discussions from Persian-text Iranian academic journals published by Iranian state universities and English-text foreign academic journals published by several famous international academic publishers were randomly selected. The publication dates of the RAs ranged from 2017 to 2022. Using a counter-balanced design, two human coders identified and coded the functions of hedging devices in the corpus according to the theoretical framework proposed by Hyland (1998). Results indicated that Iranian authors of Persian-text RAs systematically use much fewer hedging devices in their discussions than their foreign counterparts. It is argued that this pattern might be due to Iranian RA authors’ (a) personality traits, (b) incompetence in academic writing, or (c) cultural mindset. The paper concludes that professional workshops in which…

In a recent study, we examined pre-service teachers’ associative knowledge networks about history of science, how pre-service science teachers relate events, ideas, characters, and deeds in history of science and in cultural and general history. We found a strong dominance of persons in the organization of that knowledge (Matthew effect). Here, we continue the analysis started in that previous study. By using a network approach, we focus here on the effects of thematic scaffoldings (thematization and periodization) on the structure of the students’ (N=25) associative knowledge of history of science, culture, society, and politics in era between 1550 and 1850. We explore the types of connections students make and how important the different types of connections are for the overall structure of the associative network. In addition, we find out how frequently certain connections are recalled in the group of 25 students. The results show that person-to-science connections are dominant, but science-to-history connections are also important, thus alleviating the bias towards the…

Context. The Gaia mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been routinely observing Solar System objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations in August 2014. The Gaia data release three (DR3) includes, for the first time, the mean reflectance spectra of a selected sample of 60 518 SSOs, primarily asteroids, observed between August 5, 2014, and May 28, 2017. Each reflectance spectrum was derived from measurements obtained by means of the Blue and Red photometers (BP/RP), which were binned in 16 discrete wavelength bands. For every spectrum, the DR3 also contains additional information about the data quality for each band. Aims. We describe the processing of the Gaia spectral data of SSOs, explaining both the criteria used to select the subset of asteroid spectra published in Gaia DR3, and the different steps of our internal validation procedures. In order to further assess the quality of Gaia SSO reflectance spectra, we carried out external validation against SSO reflectance spectra obtained from ground-based and space-borne telescopes and available in the literature;…

The commonly used polymeric disinfectants, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether (GEN) can drift with water vapor and aerosols, although they are not volatile. When they present in aerosols, their amines have justified to irritate the respiratory organs of humans. But, when they are not in breading air they stay on surfaces due to absorption and accumulation when temperature and moisture of the environment are low. The paper presents a new approach to determine disinfectants in alkaline tetraborate solution using capillary electrophoresis with direct UV detection. DDAC and GEN were investigated to move from surfaces to aerosol. The studied compounds were quantitatively analyzed at low concentrations (1-10 ng ml-1 with RSD 2%) to prevent micelle formation and to guarantee the method specificity. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.006 and 0.018 ng ml-1, and 1.0 and 3.84 ng ml-1 for DDAC and GEN, respectively. They both were studied from 46 samples collected from two school environments which were daily washed with the commercial…

One of the aims of aesthetics is to understand aesthetic experience, that of our own and that of others. Yet, the underlying question of how we can get information about other people’s aesthetic experiences has not been granted enough attention. This article contributes to bridging this gap. The main argument is that by resorting to aesthetic judging, we can obtain information about other people’s aesthetic experiences without sharing them. Put differently, this article outlines how aesthetic judging works as an interface. Aesthetic judging allows us to approximate the aesthetic experiences of others. This happens in at least three ways proposed and analyzed here: “aesthetic participation”, “distanced aesthetic empathy”, and “affective appropriation”.

Different communities have a varied perspective of well-being and ageing well. Active ageing may not be recognised uniformly by everyone due to gender inequalities, cultural differences, social marginality, cumulative disadvantages and unequal access to information, services, and resources throughout the life-course. This study seeks to understand older Nepalese British Gurkha Wives’ perspectives on active ageing based on in-depth narrative interviews. It explores how they give meaning to ageing actively by drawing on the World Health Organisation’s active ageing determinants framework and scrutinizing its cross-cutting determinants which are gender and culture. The empirical findings show that these older women give more emphasis to the social determinants and regard social support, participation, living with dignity, being free from discrimination and practicing spirituality as ways of ageing actively. The article informs gerontological social work to consider about ethnic minority older women’s life situations, lived experiences, intersectional identities and needs that may not…

This report and associated repository inventory represent the output of a study conducted between March and October 2022 by a group of independent experts and commissioned by the European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA). In this study we assess and analyse the readiness of research data and literature repositories to facilitate compliance with the Open Science requirements in the Horizon Europe Model Grant Agreement (HE MGA) (European Commission, 2022a). This study also takes current repository choice practices of ERC-funded researchers into account. This study aims to: create a better general understanding of the availability and nature of repositories in different fields of research, for both literature and research data; identify trusted repositories across different fields of research, and highlight those that are most widely used by ERC-funded researchers; assess to what degree the identified trusted repositories facilitate compliance with the HE MGA requirements related to Open Science, in particular with regard to the metadata of deposited research outputs; enable…

Context. The motion of stars has been used to reveal details of the complex history of the Milky Way, in constant interaction with its environment. Nevertheless, to reconstruct the Galactic history puzzle in its entirety, the chemo-physical characterisation of stars is essential. Previous Gaia data releases were supported by a smaller, heterogeneous, and spatially biased mixture of chemical data from ground-based observations. Aims. Gaia Data Release 3 opens a new era of all-sky spectral analysis of stellar populations thanks to the nearly 5.6 million stars observed by the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) and parametrised by the GSP-Spec module. In this work, we aim to demonstrate the scientific quality of Gaia’s Milky Way chemical cartography through a chemo-dynamical analysis of disc and halo populations. Methods. Stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances provided by Gaia DR3 spectroscopy are combined with DR3 radial velocities and EDR3 astrometry to analyse the relationships between chemistry and Milky Way structure, stellar kinematics, and orbital parameters.…

Although climate change is a much-discussed topic, climate education is not mentioned in the Finnish National Core Curriculum for Early Childhood Education and Care (Finnish National Agency for Education, 2022). However, it can be connected to the idea of sustainable development and eco-social education. In this article, the state of climate education in Finnish early childhood education is mapped. The dataset consists of an online survey (N=26) addressed to early childhood education personnel interested in environmental education and their thematic interviews (N=7). The dataset was produced in spring 2020. Based on the results, it is suggested that a safe learning environment and the educator’s role model are important factors in climate education in the context of early childhood education. First, children need to be provided with a safe learning environment where they can share their concerns and ask questions about the environment and global climate. Second, early childhood educators act as role models for the children and, therefore, it is necessary that educators reflect their…

Silvanus is a relatively unknown deity in the Roman pantheon. Regardless, Silvanus is also one of the most popularly attested gods in the epigraphical material. His connection to forests seems to be self-evident, beginning from the name that refers to woods, but the actual cult of Silvanus was more complicated. Who was Silvanus and what was his role in the Roman religious life? Was he a de facto god of woods and forests, or did his cult have a more complicated function in Roman folk religion? In this paper I inspect the cult of Silvanus in relation to nature. Through comparing three different physical Silvanus cult environments with known written sources, it is possible to gather insights on the role of Silvanus in ancient Roman life. Silvanus is also well attested in provinces outside Italy, but those are left outside this paper.

After 15 years experience of scientific book and journal publishing from various perspectives, such as journal founder, editor, reviewer, author, funder, entrepreneur etc., I found preprints. They seem to be a solution for slow review times.

Keskipohjalainen rakennusperintö ja sen alueellinen erikoisuus, sivukamaritupa, olivat tarkasteltavina Helsingin yliopiston Ruralia-instituutin toteuttamassa tutkimus- ja kehityshankkeessa Sivukamarituvat historian näyttämönä. Sivukamaritupa on todennäköisesti Pohjoismaiden vanhin leveärunkoinen, talonpoikainen hirsitalotyyppi. Kookkaimmat niistä ovat varsinaisia jättiläisiä maailman talonpoikaistalojen joukossa. Tässä julkaisussa esitetään tiedot 20 säilyneestä sivukamarituvasta sekä 52 jo puretusta talosta. Tiedot on kerätty taloihin tehdyissä katselmuksissa, joita on täydennetty arkisto- ja kirjallisuustutkimuksella. Suuntaviivoja luodaan myös alueen rikkaan rakennusperinnön hyödyntämiseksi matkailussa. Sivukamarituvat kertovat vanhan rakennusperinnön vaikeuksista tämän päivän Suomessa.

The Horizon Europe project Resilient Multimodal Transport Networks (ReMuNet) aims to improve the resilience of the freight transport network in the EU in the face of disruptive events and enhancing sustainability. This is proposed to be achieved by offering network users alternate routing options and identifying disruptions and ways to mitigate their impacts. One of the four core objectives of the ReMuNet project is to develop a standardized methodology to describe multimodal transport networks. The proposed standard is derived from existing approaches and developed together with critical stakeholders to ensure Europe-wide practicability and acceptance which can be easily transferred into appropriate regulatory frameworks ensuring more efficient communication and operational stakeholder inter-connectivity. The first task towards this core objective was to create a typology of disruptive events, which has been addressed in a prior report for Task 1.3. The task, addressed in this report, is Task 1.4: Conduct root cause and impact analysis of disruptive events. Building on typologies…

The European Union (EU) legal system provides children with the fundamental right to have their data protected within the ambit of its data protection laws. Article 8 of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU provides the right for everyone’s personal data to be protected, including children. Similarly, Council of Europe (CoE) Convention 108 protects anyone’s data in both automatic and non-automatic processing environments. Children are the most active online user group. Therefore, the protection of children’s data is necessary to protect them from related risks and harms. The rationale for providing special protection is that they are less aware of the risks, consequences, safeguards, and rights. The typologies of privacy harms highlight that data subjects lose control over their data in all incidents of personal data compromise. The phenomenon could lead to physical, economic, reputational, psychological, and autonomic harms, breaches of professional secrecy, other social disadvantages, and material and non-material damage such as discrimination, identity theft, fraud,…

49-vuotias mies hakeutui terveyskeskukseen vasemman nilkan ja alaselän kipujen vuoksi.

Islannin maaperä ja maisema ovat jatkuvassa myllerryksessä luonnonvoimien, erityisesti tulivuorten ja sään, vaikutuksesta. Maaperä on hyvin altis eroosiolle, ja ihmisen pitkäaikainen toiminta, erityisesti laidunnus ja metsien käyttö ovat lisänneet eroosiota ja siitä johtuvia ongelmia. Tämä näkyy muun muassa alkuperäisten metsäalueiden ja kasvipeitteisyyden katoamisena. Alaskanlupiini (Lupinus nootkatensis) on osa Islannin maiseman tarinaa. Alun perin kasvi tuotiin saarella 1900-luvun alussa maaperän parantamiseksi, ja se sopeutui nopeasti Islannin olosuhteisiin. Lupiinin alkuperäinen tarkoitus oli sitoa typpeä maaperään ja näin edesauttaa muiden lajien leviämistä, mutta lupiinin kilpailukyky ja invasiiviset piirteet näitä kotoperäisiä lajeja kohtaan alkoivatkin ottaa ylivallan. Tämä johti viranomaisia, asukkaita ja ympäristönsuojelijoita jakavaan keskusteluun. Lupiinin leviämistä ja sen vaikutuksia paikalliseen kasvillisuuteen on tutkittu Islannissa jo useita vuosikymmeniä, mutta laji on edelleen kiistanalainen. Joillain alueilla lupiini näyttää voivan edistää muiden kasvien, kuten…

Kielellisen mediaation käsite ei ole uusi, mutta sen merkitys ihmisten välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa korostuu globalisaation ja verkkovälitteisen kommunikaation lisääntymisen myötä. Myös viimeisimmät muutokset kielten eurooppalaiseen viitekehykseen (CEFR) korostavat mediaatiota keskeisenä osana kielten oppimista. Tämä artikkeli keskittyy opiskelijoiden näkökulmiin mediaatiosta kolmessa eri oppimiskontekstissa. Tuula Lehtonen suunnitteli ja toteutti mediaatioon pohjautuvan verkkokurssin oikeustieteen opiskelijoille. Kurssin aikana opiskelijat raportoivat tekemänsä tehtävät kahdesti viikossa ja kurssin lopussa vastasivat kysymykseen mediaation hyödyllisyydestä kielten oppimisessa. Roy Siddall ohjasi maisteriopiskelijansa vertaisarvioimaan toistensa suullisia esityksiä eurooppalaisen viitekehyksen mediaatiokuvausten avulla. Opiskelijat arvioivat kahden kuvausasteikon helppokäyttöisyyttä sekä niiden käytön vaikutusta arviointiin: kiinnittivätkö opiskelijat huomiota erilaisiin seikkoihin, kun he tarkastelivat esityksiä mediaation näkökulmasta. Nina Wallden pyysi opiskelijoita arvioimaan,…

ALMS (Autonomous Learning Modules) has been an important part of the Language Centre’s work for almost 30 years. An ALMS course promotes learner autonomy and offers students the opportunity to fulfil their foreign-language degree requirement through planning, carrying out and evaluating a programme of work that they themselves have decided on. Throughout this 30-year-period, the ALMS team have actively conducted practitioner research, especially on language counselling, which comprises the course’s main pedagogical support. Less research, however, has focused on ALMS support groups, which also play a key pedagogical role in the course’s ecosystem. In this article, the ALMS team share perspectives on the support groups they teach and have developed in recent years. They describe the aims, practices and outcomes, showing how ALMS support groups respond to ever-evolving student needs and provide opportunities for students to develop their linguistic competences in focused, informal, and learner-centred ways. Often considered a more independent study option, these support group…

Ketogenic diets (KDs) have been studied in preclinical models of intestinal diseases. However, little is known of how the fat source of these diets influences the intestinal barrier. Herein, we studied the impact of four-week feeding with KD high either in saturated fatty acids (SFA-KD) or polyunsaturated linoleic acid (LA-KD) on paracellular permeability of the intestine to iohexol in healthy male C57BL/6J mice. We investigated jejunal and colonic tight junction protein expression, histological changes, and inflammatory markers (Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Lcn2), as well as the activity and expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in feces and jejunal tissue, respectively, and plasma lipopolysaccharide. KDs did not change intestinal permeability to iohexol after two or twenty-six days of feeding regardless of fat quality. SFA-KD, but not LA-KD, was upregulated the colonic expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and -4, as well as the activity of IAP. Both KDs resulted in increased epithelial vacuolation in jejunum, and this was pronounced in SFA-KD. Jejunal Il1β…

Mainstream economics has been involved in the dynamics of the world economy, yet it constitutes a multilevel hindrance to any adequate global responses to the consequences of the growth of the world economy and its by-products such as global heating, the extinction crisis, the emergence of weapons of mass destruction and other potentially destructive technologies (from nano- and biotechnologies to the technologies of space expansion and AI). I argue towards a theme encapsulated in my title, focusing on the things which characterize economics and its role in global governance. In conclusion, I point out that the immediate rational response to the currently prevailing contradictions and disintegrative tendencies in the global political economy would be global Keynesianism shorn of ‘growthist’ and technocratic connotations often associated with Keynes’s name.

The transport network in Europe is facing severe and frequent disruptions due to the dynamic geo-political situation in the region, as well as the effects of climate change. The EU Horizon project Resilient Multimodal Transport Networks (ReMuNet) is focused on improving the resilience of the transport network, considering alternate routing options, and identifying disruptions and ways to mitigate their effects. One of the four core objectives of the ReMuNet project is to develop a standardized methodology to describe multimodal transport networks. The proposed standard is derived from existing approaches and developed together with critical stakeholders to ensure Europe-wide practicability and acceptance. This allows for the standard to be easily transferred into appropriate regulatory frameworks ensuring more efficient communication and operational stakeholder interconnectivity. The first task towards this core objective is Task 1.3: Creating a typology of disruptive events, which is addressed in this report. Building on existing typologies, for example classifications of…

The development of artificial intelligence has seen the introduction of several different paradigms, the latest often superseding its predecessor. In the current millennium, the improvements in the accuracy of artificial intelligence applications have rendered them usable for a range of tasks that were previously considered challenging for a machine, such as image and speech recognition.

English: Against the background of significant fluctuations in voter behavior in favor of populist parties, both in Sweden and Finland, there is a discussion about how political movements without substantial resources break through and manage to achieve election results that rival those of the largest parties. There is no simple correlation between the professionalism and cost of a campaign and the number of votes in political elections, but a contributing factor can be traced to the actions of the media and news journalists. One conclusion is that there is a shortcoming when the commercial appeal of a striking news image and a catchy headline that intentionally highlights controversial statements is allowed to dominate the news coverage. Swedish: Mot bakgrund av stora svängningar i väljarbeteende till förmån för populistpartier såväl i Sverige som i Finland diskuteras hur politiska rörelser som inte har stora resurser bryter igenom och lyckas nå valresultat som tävlar med de allra största partierna. Ett enkelt samband saknas mellan hur professionellt utvecklad och kostsam kampanjen…

Matematiikan parhaat osaajat eivät juurikaan eronneet demografisilta tiedoiltaan muista. Vaikka pojat olivat yliedustettuja parhaiden osaajien joukossa, parhaiten suoriutuneiden tyttöjen ja poikien osaaminen oli keskimäärin saman tasoista. Tyypillistä parhaille osaajille on, että he yrittävät ratkaista vaikeimmatkin tehtävät eivätkä jätä puuttuvia tietoja, vaikka eivät osaisikaan ratkaista tehtäviä. Vahvin parhaimpiin osaajiin luokittumista selittävä muuttuja oli se, mitä oppilas aikoo tehdä peruskoulun jälkeen. Erottelevana tekijänä oli se, aikooko oppilas valita pitkän matematiikan vai ei. Kaikkein vaikeimpien tehtävien kokonaispistemäärästä parhaat osaajat ratkaisivat keskimäärin 68 prosenttia, ja kaksi kolmasosaa parhaista osaajista sai vähintään 50 prosenttia maksimipistemäärästä lukion tehtäväsarjoihin valituista lyhyen matematiikan ylioppilaskoetehtävistä. Parhaiden osaajien asennoituminen matematiikkaan oli selvästi positiivisempaa kuin keskiosaajien, mutta tytöt kokivat voimakkaammin negatiivisia tunteita. Toisaalta parhaiten suoriutuneet tytöt pitivät poikiin nähden hieman…

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare immunoinflammatory disease that has recently attracted significant drug development activity. Two EoE drugs have been approved, and clinical trials with several products are ongoing. This Article uses EoE as an example to discuss orphan drug regulation in the EU and United States and its interplay with medicine, profitability, competition, and patient needs. The Article concludes that the development of several competing therapies for an orphan disease like EoE increases uncertainty for patients and pharmaceutical companies compared to non-orphan drugs, even while orphan incentives are necessary to ensure a financially lucrative environment.

Diamond open access model – open access with no author fees – has emerged strongly, particularly in the European discussions on how to move towards a more sustainable publishing culture. Diamond OA is usually funded by organisations, and this blog article will present the different ways in which the

The article studies, with analysis of the writing process, how Finnish poet Otto Manninen (1872–1950) rewrote Finnish rhymed folk songs (rekilaulut). As part of a wider interest in rekilaulut in the 1890s, Manninen altered folk song lyrics when forming his own poetry. Materials analysed comprises of archival materials from the archives of the Finnish Literature Society, transcriptions of folk songs, Manninen’s poem drafts and two of his published poems. The article uses the methodology of genetic criticism. The article reveals how Manninen created literature by rewriting oral folklore. The analysis shows that Manninen’s variation technique resembled the variation technique of the singers. The introductory part remained intact, and the variation fell upon the argumentative part. Manninen also standardised the number of syllables per verse and stanza, which varied a lot in folk songs. He preferred a model in which the first verse of the argumentative part, which was important for the whole stanza, had the most syllables. Additionally, Manninen altered folk songs in such a way that the…

South American archaeology became one of the focus areas of the Department of Archaeology of the University of Helsinki in the 1980s. Martti Pärssinen, then of the University of Turku, first contacted professor Ari Siiriäinen during that time, and these two developed a close partnership that resulted in four major archaeological-historical research projects in the Bolivian Andes and one in the Bolivian Amazon. Several students of archaeology took part in these projects, some of them (Antti Korpisaari, Sanna Saunaluoma, and Risto Kesseli) gradually developing into specialists in South American archaeology. From 1999, when Pärssinen became the first professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Helsinki, until the retirement of Siiriäinen in 2003 (and his premature death in 2004), South American archaeology was arguably at its strongest at the University of Helsinki. Since those years, the institutional home of this research in Helsinki has shifted to Latin American Studies, under the auspices of which archaeological research in Bolivia, Brazil, and Chile has continued to…

‘East archaeology’, research cooperation in the areas of present-day Russia, has been one part of the research activities of the Department of Archaeology at the University of Helsinki in the post-war era. The first steps were taken as part of the state-controlled Finnish-Soviet scientific cooperation between the 1950s and 1970s, but Glasnost and Perestroika opened up a whole new range of opportunities in the 1980s and 1990s. Initially, the collaboration focused primarily on the Karelian Iron Age, but soon expanded to the other periods of prehistory, the Stone Age and the Early Metal Period. A significant part of the research has been conducted in areas near Finland – the Karelian Isthmus and Ingria, the Karelian Republic, and the Kola Peninsula – but several other parts of Russia have also attracted attention over the years. The purpose of this article is to present the history of these ‘eastern’ studies from the beginning to the early 2020s; cooperation has currently been stopped as a consequence of Russian politics, which culminated in the war in Ukraine in 2022.

Between 1998 and 2013, a team from the University of Helsinki conducted large-scale excavations and survey at Jabal Haroun (‘Mountain of Aaron’) in the outskirts of the ancient city of Petra, Jordan. The Finnish Jabal Haroun Project (FJHP), which remains probably the largest ever Finnish archaeological undertaking outside Finland’s borders, unearthed the remains of an Early Byzantine (late 5th century CE) monastic complex. The site, which features among other things a large basilica, a chapel, a baptismal font and a pilgrim hostel, can be securely identified as the ‘House of our Lord the Saint High-Priest Aaron’ mentioned in the 6th century CE Petra Papyri and later historical accounts. The excavations unveiled the rich and complex history of the site, considered sacred by the three religions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. At least equally significant, however, is the fact that the project – arranged in the exceptionally demanding conditions of an arid mountaintop – forged an extraordinary sense of community and gave scores of Finnish archaeologists a taste of Near Eastern…

This article provides an overview of archaeological science applications in artefact studies at the University of Helsinki. Since the first metal artefact analysis published in the 1860s, University of Helsinki researchers have carried out numerous nationally pioneering scientific artefact studies, developed new analytical procedures, and embraced the international trends of integrating chemical, microscopic, and isotopic analyses in archaeological artefact studies. Here, the focus is on inorganic archaeological artefacts, objects made of metals, ceramics, glass, and lithics. Scientific methods can help us to understand where, how, for what purpose, and when objects were made, certain raw materials were selected, specific technologies developed, and finished products distributed. In this way, scientific artefact data can help us to recognise and contextualise the different roles, values, and functions the objects had in the lives of the people who made and used them, and interpret the artefact evidence in the wider societal, inter-communal, and inter-cultural settings.

The aim of this study is to find out what importance upper secondary school learners of German attach to the cross-linguistic influence (CLI) regarding specific aspects of German language learning in Finland and Germany. Cross-linguistic learning gives learners additional skills to learn and understand structures and words in their mother tongue, a second language or a foreign language. The Finnish students (n=100) participating in our survey spoke Finnish as their mother tongue and studied German as a foreign language. German students spoke German either as their mother tongue (n=40) or as a second language (n=60), but they studied German as a native language. The survey data consisted of students' answers to one identical question that they were asked in the school years 2017-2020: 'How does the knowledge of the languages studied at school (Swedish, English, French, Spanish, Latin – cross-linguistic learning) affect their learning of German?' Our research methods were both quantitative and qualitative. The main results showed that the positive transfer on learning German was based…

Raportissa kuvataan hankkeen “SToP – Saimaa Taste of Place: Ruoka paikan tunnun ilmentäjänä ja matkailun edistämiskeinona” toteutusta ja löydöksiä. Keskeinen käsite työssä oli paikan tuntu (sense of place). Sitä käytetään monissa merkityksissä, mutta usein se kuvaa tiettyjen paikkojen ja alueiden ainutlaatuisuutta. Paikan tuntu voi kummuta fyysisestä, sosiaalisesta ja kulttuurisesta ympäristöstä. Raportissa käsitellään Saimaan alueen paikan tuntua eli alueen erityisyyteen liittyviä tekijöitä. Niitä tunnistettiin suorittamalla monivaiheinen tiedonhankinta Etelä-Savon alueella. Lähteinä käytettiin kuntien verkkosivuja ja Etelä-Savon matkailusta kertovia Visit-verkkosivuja. Lisäksi haastateltiin matkailuyrittäjiä ja matkailun kehittäjiä sekä kerättiin aineisto etnografista kenttätyötä hyödyntäen. Tiedonhankintaa täydennettiin koosteella EU:n nimisuojajärjestelmään sisältyvien ruokatuotteiden maantieteellisten erityisyyksien indikaattoreista. Raporttiin on sisällytetty esimerkeiksi muutamia ruokaan liittyviä tuote- ja palveluideoita, jotka perustuvat paikan tuntu -tekijöihin. Lukijalle…

Teaching excavations are an inextricable part of university teaching in archaeology. Students studying at Helsinki University were involved in university-led fieldwork from the very beginning of the establishment of archaeology institution. Students participated in excavations led by the first archaeology professor, Aarne Michaёl Tallgren, and thereafter students continued to be part of the fieldwork driven by acting professors and other university staff members. However, such excavations only started to occur on a more regular basis at the time of Professor Ella Kivikoski, especially from the end of the 1950s onwards. Moreover, it was not until 1976 that field school excavations were officially incorporated into the archaeology teaching curriculum. The 1970s also marked a shift to teaching excavations becoming less dependent on the professor’s particular research interest, a process leading to university field schools being organized in cooperation with externally funded research projects and contributing to the research driven by a larger variety of scholars. In this article, we…

Le genre oral des rekilaulu, c’est-à-dire la courte chanson populaire, nouvelle et rimée, a longtemps été marginal dans les études de folklore en Finlande. Ces dernières années, l’intérêt des folkloristes et chercheurs d’autres disciplines pour ce genre s’est fortement développé, comme en témoigne l’organisation d’un webinaire interdisciplinaire.

Les lamentations appartiennent à la tradition orale carélienne et sont un genre riche et foisonnant, pratiqué aujourd’hui aussi pour des raisons esthétiques. L’auteur relate ici l’événement de lancement d’un projet de collaboration scientifique et artistique autour de ce genre.

Pariisissa 2.6.2023 kuolleen säveltäjä, akateemikko Kaija Saariahon muistokirjoitus

Offshore wind development has seen growing interest. Adapting to potential future changes and ensuring a balanced development of offshore wind requires long-term, strategic planning. Using an expert, participatory workshop, we identify and categorise weak signals and wild card events that could impact the sustainable development of Finnish marine space and the offshore wind industry. We use these results to assess how robust an existing global scenario framework (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) is for analysing the prospects of one specific industry considering these weak signals. This research can support strategic planning for the sector and aid in developing the Finnish marine space in a sustainable manner.

This paper investigates the marking and management of interpersonal common ground in Dungan, Uyghur, and Uzbek. The study shows that the three languages possess a shared enclitic =Ku with the primary function of negotiating interpersonal distribution and accessibility of information. In the three investigated languages, the multifunctional enclitic appears in various contexts that at the surface level appear incongruous. The study proposes that the wide semantic functional range of the enclitic can be explained from the viewpoint of epistemic common ground: The use of =Ku not only asserts common epistemic ground, but also reactivates such common ground that has either deteriorated or failed to form against the expectations of the speaker. In addition, =Ku may additionally be used to actively build common ground between the speech act participants. The study includes an analysis of the enclitic’s origin in Dungan as a result of a Turkic borrowing.

Hållbarhetsinformationens kvantitet och kvalitet kommer att förbättras avsevärt under de kommande åren då cirka 50 000 europeiska företag berörs av Europeiska unionens direktiv om hållbarhetsredovisning. Syftet med en hållbarhetsrapport är att beskriva företagens verksamhet ur ett miljömässigt, socialt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. Som ett led i omställningen lyfts betydelsen av klimatfrågor upp via rapporteringen.

Ella Margareta Kivikoski (25 May 1901 in Tammela–27 July 1990 in Helsinki) was the first woman in Finland to defend her Doctoral thesis in Archaeology in 1939. Many duties in the State Archaeological Commission of Finland provided a good basis for her research career. In 1941 she received a docentship (an associate professorship) at the University of Helsinki in the Department of Archaeology of Finland and the Nordic Countries. In 1948 Kivikoski was appointed to the chair of the same department, becoming at the time the only female professor, the second in sequence, at the University of Helsinki and the first female professor in archaeology in the Nordic countries. After the appointment to a professorship, Kivikoski was called to the Finnish Academy of Sciences, becoming its first female member. She retired in 1969. The Finnish Iron Age was Kivikoski’s main speciality. Her published scientific production is wide, consisting of several monographs, articles and edited works. Her major publication is Die Eisenzeit Finnlands, the catalogue of Iron Age artefacts found in Finland, that is…

Eläinperäisiä elintarvikkeita pidetään ihmisten salmonellatartuntojen pääasiallisena lähteenä Euroopassa. Suomessa noudatetaan kansallista salmonellavalvontaohjelmaa ja salmonellan esiintyvyys on säilynyt ohjelman asettamassa tavoitteessa. Salmonellavalvontaohjelman ohella Suomen salmonellatilanteeseen vaikuttavat EU:n myöntämät erityistakuut, jotka edellyttävät, että tuoreena myyntiin tulevat lihaerät on tutkittu ja todettu salmonellavapaiksi ennen niiden saapumista Suomeen. Riskinarvioinnissa päivitettiin kuluttajan riski saada salmonelloosi valvontaohjelmaan kuuluvista broilerin-, kalkkunan-, naudan- ja sianlihan tuotantoketjuista ja vastaavista tuontielintarvikkeista. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa salmonellalähteiden merkityksestä salmonellaseurannan kehittämiseksi ja elintarviketurvallisuustason varmistamiseksi sekä kehittää riskinarviointimenetelmiä. Riskinarviointi tehtiin tilastollisilla malleilla. Ulkomaista alkuperää olevien elintarvikkeiden arvioitiin aiheuttavan enemmän salmonellatartuntoja kuin kotimaisen lihan, vaikka tuontilihan kulutus on noin viidennes…

Artikkelissa käsitellään keskiaikaisen Raaseporin linnan pöytäkulttuuria arkeologisten löytöjen kautta.

Viktor Sheinis played one of the key roles in transforming Russia's electoral system in the course of the 1993 electoral reform. He proposed and was able to implement a new type of electoral system in Russia — a mixed disconnected electoral system — thus making a significant contribution to Russian electoral and party politics. In terms of building democratic institutions in Russia, electoral reform had a positive impact overall, despite certain drawbacks (disconnected nature of the electoral system, petition mechanism for nominating candidates, insufficient attention to regulating the electoral governance, etc.). This impact could not have been achieved without the effort that Viktor Sheinis put in as a politician and as an expert. He took advantage of the window of opportunity that opened itself to electoral reform in Russia after the dissolution of the parliament in September 1993.

Johdanto Suomessa asuu arviolta yli 300 000 harvinaissairautta sairastavaa henkilöä. Harvinaissairaudet ovat sairauksia, jotka esiintyvät korkeintaan viidellä 10 000:sta henkilöstä. Harvinaissairauksilla on usein merkittäviä vaikutuksia potilaiden päivittäiseen elämään. Rajalliset hoitomahdollisuudet ja vähäinen tieto sairaudesta voivat heikentää potilaiden kokemaa hyvinvointia. Harvinaissairaiden kokemuksia heidän lääkehoidoistaan ei kuitenkaan tiettävästi ole tutkittu Suomessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvata harvinaissairaiden kokemuksia lääkehoidostaan Suomessa. Aineisto ja menetelmät Aineisto kerättiin avoimilla yksilöhaastatteluilla. Osallistujat rekrytoitiin potilasjärjestöjen kautta kutsukirjeellä ja pyytämällä tutkimukseen jo osallistuneita kertomaan tutkimuksesta verkostoissaan. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysilla. Tulokset Haastatelluilla (n = 20) oli hyviä kokemuksia lääkehoidostaan. Lääkehoidon saamista harvinais-sairauteen pidettiin hyvänä asiana, samoin kuin lääkkeen annostelua kotona. Haastatellut hakivat itse tietoa lääkehoidoista…

Materialanalys och rapportering 3. Resultat Tema 1: Tillfredsställelse med livet Förhållandevis nöjda ungdomarmen stor spridning bland svaren Tema 2: Psykisk (o)balans och stressfaktorer Vad innebär det 'att må psykiskt dåligt' ?Framtid och studier utgör stressmoment Högt ställda förväntningar och stark individfokus tär på orken Höga krav (främst på flickor) alstrar psykiskt illamående Tillgång till stöd Hur varva ned, hur söka hjälpoch av vem?Hur väl känner andra till hur unga mår?Betydelsefulla människorelationer sprider glädje i vardagen Tema 3: Framtiden En stark tro på att livet blir bättre i framtiden Tema 4: Coronapandemin Flickorna uppger fler, både negativa och positiva, känslor än pojkarna 4. Sammandrag och slutsatser Förväntade resultat Mer överraskande resultat Diskussion Åtgärdsförslag Källor Till läsaren Den här rapporten omfattar resultaten av den mångåriga studien Nu -Imorgon.Studien har som mål att beskriva hur svenskspråkiga unga i Finland tolkar och förstår psykisk (o)hälsa.Ett särskilt fokus för studien är skillnader i mående mellan flickor och…

"Ei ole mitään syytä, miksei nettiarkiston ja overlay-lehtien yhdistelmää voisi laajentaa kaikille tieteenaloille ja säästää miljardeja euroja vuodessa. Tämä vapauttaisi tieteen tekemiseen valtavasti resursseja, jotka tällä hetkellä hukataan kaupallisten kustantajien voittoihin", kirjoittaa kosmolog

Suomessa meneillään oleva väestörakenteen muutos vaikuttaa merkittävällä tavalla varhaiskasvatuksen sekä esi- ja perusopetuksen järjestämiseen kunnissa. Vähenevä lasten määrä heijastuu erityisesti perusopetukseen tulevien oppilaiden määrään. Alle kouluikäisten ikäluokkien vähenemisestä huolimatta tilanne on varhaiskasvatuksen piiriin tulevien lasten osalta tulevaisuudessa kompleksisempi, sillä varhaiskasvatukseen osallistuminen on vapaaehtoista ja sen tarpeeseen vaikuttavat monet tekijät. Hankkeen tavoitteena on ymmärtää väestönmuutoksen vaikutuksia paikallisesti ja kansallisesti sekä ylikansallisessa kontekstissa. Tutkimushanke on rahoitettu osana opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön vuosina 2020–2022 toteuttamaa varhaiskasvatuksen ja perusopetuksen laatua ja tasa-arvoa parantavaa Oikeus oppia -kehittämisohjelmaa.

The E-value is the minimum strength of association that a potential confounder needs to have with either the exposure or the outcome, if it were to alone explain an observed association between the two. Originally defined in terms of the risk ratio (relative risk), this short note explores the E-value formulae where one or several of the three relationships is measured using the odds ratio instead. A rigorous but elegant alternative is presented to the square root approximation that has been proposed earlier as a convenient but wrong way to combine odds ratios and E-values.