The 100 most-cited articles in The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy, 2020

Decrease in permeability that occurs during the construction of the well and operation are analyzed. The reasons for the decrease in the permeability of the bottom-hole zone in the reservoir rocks that occur in the process of drilling, cementing, reopening and development of wells are determined. The basic principles of acid treatment for intensification of hydrocarbon raw material extraction of sealed productive strata in the process of their drilling are investigated. The solution for acid treatment is given. Specialized products for stimulation are considered. Acid treatments quality increasing through new working agent’s usage and improving the technology analysis is performed.

The purpose of the work – the analysis of specialized scientific literature for the study and generalization of data on modern views on the treatment of generalized periodontitis in persons with severe general somatic diseases. Dystrophic-inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues are polyethiological, pathogenesis of which is closely associated with pathological processes caused by the most important systems of the body malfunction. An integrated treatment approach to periodontal diseases, which in addition to local therapy involves the detection and timelyttreatment of somatic pathology, is an important condition for achieving positive results. The article presents modern scientific researches of common pathogenetically significant changes in generalized periodontitis and somatic diseases (cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract diseases), which allow a clearer understanding of the periodontal diseases genesis nature and effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures development. Conclusions. The duration of general-somatic disease…

Purpose of the article. The research is connected with the analysis of modern transformations in the fashion industry and new approaches to clothing design associated with the changes that are taking place in the world and in the fashion industry. Methodology. The specificity of the study influenced its methodological foundations. Accordingly, methods such as analysis, synthesis, and systems approach were used. The methodological base made it possible to trace and determine the vector of development of the fashion industry from the standpoint of digital transformations in the socio-cultural space. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition of the components of digital design, namely, automated methods (programs) for the development of fashion industry products. The main provisions of the study are disclosed in the following provisions: polysystem analysis of the synthesis of innovative digital technologies and design of clothes as an urgent trend in the fashion industry. Conclusions. The essence and content of automated design systems, such as Marvelous designer, CLO…

The article presents a conceptual model of training of a future doctor of pilosophy for the research and innovation activity. The relevance of the problem is related to the establishment and development of the third level of higher education in Ukraine, which requires the study of foreign experience and its implementation in the practice of domestic higher education institutions. The proposed model consists of five blocks (the target, informative, organizational, operational and diagnostic) and reflects the three steps of this process. At the theoretical and methodological stage represented in the target block, there have been determined the purpose of the research, normative and methodological frameworks for the process of training a future doctor of philosophy. The substantive-practical stage is featured by the informative, organizational and operational blocks of the model. The informative block reveals the content of the training of postgraduate students for the research and innovation activity, which is formed on the basis of the analysis of modern requirements for…

The aim of the study – to evaluate the psychological approach to the social and psychological rehabilitation of paralympic athletes negatively experienced subjective loneliness.Materials and methods are based on theoretical and empirical data, which include the history of the loneliness phenomenon and its modern understanding study. Negative experiences requiring rehabilitation were determined using psychological methods: “Questionnaire for determining the type of loneliness” (S. Korchaginа), “Methods for the subjective feeling of loneliness” (D. Russell, M. Ferguson), “Methods for diagnosing character accentuations” (Leonhard-Shmishyok in the modification A. Lychko), test “Neuropsychic Adaptation” (S. Korchagina at V. Bekhterev Research Institute) with subsequent computer processing of the results using the software package Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). The study enrolled 50 paralympic athletes aged 18 to 24, who were engaged in powerlifting.Results. Significant intercorrelations between subjective feelings of loneliness and its varieties were found (r = 0.3–0.5) based on…

Мета: довести ефективність технологічного підходу залучення студентів у процесі фізичного виховання до оздоровчої рухової активності в покращенні показників їх фізичного стану. Матеріал: У дослідженні взяли участь 123 дівчини і 117 хлопців. Результати: у ході експерименту перевірено ефективність технологічного підходу залучення молоді до оздоровчої рухової активності у процесі фізичного виховання. Встановлено, що розроблена технологія забезпечує значно кращий (на рівні від р<0,05 до р<0,001) результат ніж традиційна реалізація змісту чинної програми у наступних показниках: рівень вияву наприкінці навчальних семестру і року (поточний, підсумковий) показників фізичного стану, теоретичної підготовленості в організації і реалізації оздоровчої рухової активності; кількість показників, що в ці періоди покращилися; пропущених по хворобі днів; стан, систематичність і параметри рухової активності студента у позанавчальний час. Зазначені й вихідний контроль реалізовувались під час спеціального спортивно-оздоровчого заходу змагальним методом, оперативний – на кожному занятті для оцінки…

Objective: to evaluate the possibility of determining the stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the help of indirect non-invasive markers of fibrosis and elastography.Material and methods. The study involved 43 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and manifestation of NAFLD, including 26 (60.5 %) females and 17 (39.5 %) males. All the patients underwent an extensive ultrasound examination of the liver, namely determination of its size below the costal arch, a duplex examination to assess the distribution of hepatic vessels, determine possible blood flow trouble and its type. B-mode liver ultrasound with real-time elastography on Hitachi Hi Vision Avius apparatus was also performed. The presence and stage of fibrosis were assessed using the Bonacini discriminant score, METAVIR and Ishak scoring systems. A correlation analysis between results of various methods of liver fibrosis stage assessment in patients with type 2 DM and NAFLD was also conducted.Results. Generally, in patients with type 2 DM and NAFLD, mild fibrosis (F0–F2) was diagnosed. The assessment…

The present study aimed to summarize the literature data about wounds to the dural venous sinus (DVS) and validating the importance of surgery in a series of clinical observations in patients with craniocerebral gunshot wound (CGW) sustained in battles with the DVS wound.Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical records and long-term outcomes in patients who were admitted to our medical center from 05/2014 to 12/2017. The study included soldiers with gunshot DVS wounds sustained in battles, who presented with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≥4. Upon admission, damage to the DVS was diagnosed based on spiral computed tomography (SCT) imaging and/or was identified during surgery. All the patients underwent SCT imaging on admission and 12 hours after surgery. When severe damage to the DVS was suspected, cerebral angiography (CAG) was performed. The age, initial GCS score, the Injury Severity Score, location and nature of injuries to the DVS, the location and nature of brain injury, the volume of surgical interventions and the presence of…

Problem statement. Mechanisms of information exchange in the conditions of digital technologies dynamic development , taking into account the tendencies to globalization of information and communication processes, require wide discussion in the professional environment of state and non-state institutions, as well as constant improvement of their functioning. However, at present, the exchange of information in the system of public administration is carried out mainly through various digital mechanisms created by each individual public authority, which only to some extent ensure the implementation of the tasks assigned to such authorities. In our opinion, the formation of a developed digital information and communication infrastructure will increase the efficiency of the processes of developing appropriate management in the field of public administration. This also applies to the field of ecology and environmental protection, so the article deals with the analysis of foreign experience, including the European Union, in the implementation and operation of digital industry…

The article considers the influence of the technological parameters of the composite ceramics production on the specific volume resistivity of the composition and, consequently, on the protective properties against the effects of electromagnetic radiation. The technological parameters included the preparation method, the averaging time of the raw materials, both the pressing and second calcination pressure. Based on the complex of studies carried out, the following technological parameters of production were established: duration of grinding – 60 minutes; the moisture content of the press powder is 6.2%; pressing pressure – 25 MPa; first calcination temperature – 1060 °С; temperature of the second calcination –1060 °C. The developed technology can be applicated at enterprises that produce ceramic tiles according to high-speed calcination. The resulting material can to protect biological and technical objects from the action of electromagnetic radiation. Further research at selecting a glaze coating for the developed ceramics is aimed.

У статті окреслено проблему готовності майбутніх учителів початкової школи до реалізації професійної діяльності, її структуру і зміст. Готовність до професійної діяльності розглядають як цілеспрямований прояв особистості, передумову для виконання будь-якої діяльності та її результат. Відповідно до змісту та конкретних завдань трудової діяльності вчителя готовність буває ситуативною та сталою, а у її структурі виділяють структурні компоненти: загальну готовність, короткочасну готовність і підготовленість. Готовність учителя до професійної діяльності трактується як особистісне утворення, що забезпечує внутрішні мотиви діяльності, педагогічну самосвідомість, педагогічні здібності, знання, вміння та навички, здатність до інтегрування знань, професійно значущі якості особистості. Цілісність досліджуваного утворення визначено розвитком його складників (ціле-мотиваційного, змістового, операційного, інтеграційного). Розкрито процес розвитку готовності майбутніх учителів початкової школи до професійної діяльності, що передбачає включення певних рівнів реалізації: нормативно-репродуктивного,…

The article deals with the essence of pedagogical coaching as a technology of professional development of personality in the system of advanced training, namely as a productive and rational means of organizing training in the current system. A new concept from etymological analysis to new meanings that have become entrenched in the field of education is considered. It is substantiated that pedagogical coaching should take a worthy place among other innovative technologies as an effective means of increasing motivation and, as a consequence, conscious training in further training courses for teachers. Emphasis is placed on the development of coaching competence of the teacher in the intertest period. Coaching technology is considered as an innovative means of developing self-educational and professional competence of teachers. The typical algorithm and principles and methods of realization of coaching technology are outlined. The advantages of the organization of professional training of specialists in the system of further training on the basis of coaching technology are determined.

In the article on the basis of research of the state of development of agrarian enterprises and their resource potential, problems and factors influencing on are revealed. resource efficiency: inefficient use of agricultural land, imbalances in asset structure, shortage of working capital, imbalance of net working capital and financial needs, especially in small and medium-sized businesses; a small share of state support for strong innovative development, disruption of capital structure, high risks of agricultural production, including for natural and climatic reasons. A methodological approach to the analysis and evaluation of the resource potential of agrarian enterprises is proposed, based on the DEA mathematical modeling method, which provides an index estimate of the efficiency of financial resources utilization by the factors and criteria of the distance of the point from the reference limit of the production potential. The expediency of carrying out technical assessment of the efficiency of utilization of the resource potential of agricultural enterprises in combination with…

In the article, social responsibility is characterized as the realization of key components of the university’s mission. The basic approaches of Western scientists to understanding the mission and social responsibility of the University under current conditions are analyzed. There are those components of the mission and responsibility that, according to Western authors, correspond to the current stage of globalization, including educational one. The novel component of the mission of universities as certain guarantors of sustainable development is put forward, which leads to an increase in their social responsibility to the global scope. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mission of institutions of higher economic education in their interaction with the state and business, and namely in respect of innovative development provision. Topical components of the mission and social responsibility of higher education institutions are identified. The emphasis is placed on a separate study in the domestic scientific environment of the mission and social responsibility of…

In Ukrainian educational area there exists a discrepancy between state requests, which are conditioned by educational tendencies of globalization, and scientific and methodical security of educational institutions. In particular, reorienting towards the competence paradigm of education requires clear definition of the competences that have to become its result, and description of educational aims from the perspective of capability of being precisely examined, i. e. the level of development of the defined competences. Nowadays, this does not have an appropriate scientific and methodical basis. The aim of the article is analysing the global, stage and operative goals of educational preparation, and creation of a model of formation of goals of the educational discipline “Ukrainian language for professional purposes” taking into account the competence paradigm and the activity approach to education. To solve the above problems, a set of methods has been used: scientific abstraction, analysis and systematization of literary sources to find out the level of solving of this problem in the…

The need to improve the process of formation of the performing competence of the teacher-musician is explained by the rapid socio-cultural changes in society. Musical education pedagogy has accumulated experience in developing performing skills and the process of forming the future competency of a future music teacher has not yet been well understood. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of performing competence of the future music teacher in the conditions of professional conductor-choral training. The article analyzes the views of Ukrainian and foreign scholars on the interpretation of the concept of competence, the essence of the concept of performing competence is defined. The problem of formation of performing competence, the role of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the professional formation of the future teacher-musician have been updated. The author focuses on the peculiarities of music-pedagogical training, which combines pedagogical, choirmaster, music-performing activities. In particular, the emphasis is placed on the ability to self-generalize…

The specifics of the educational process in the conditions of distance studying, the specifics of the use of tools, and services that will help to create quality educational content are considered. Emphasis is placed on the autonomy of choice of methods, tools, platforms, interactive technologies for the implementation of a full-fledged educational process and analyzes the possibilities of their use in Ternopil National Pedagogical University named after Volodymyr Hnatyuk. The choice of presentation of individual educational and research tasks in the discipline "Specialization: Internet, Television" of students majoring in "Journalism" in the form of webinars is substantiated. Scientific approaches to understanding the concept of "webinar" are presented. The basic rules of preparation and holding of the webinar are defined. The focus is on the technical features of webinars. Types of webinars are considered: educational webinar, information webinar, webinar-training, consulting webinar (webinar-support), consulting webinar (webinar-support). The activity of participants in the…

The article deals with defining new trends in the pedagogy of higher school in Ukraine. The main directions of pedagogical researches concerning higher education at the beginning of the 21-st century are stated. They are: joining of Ukraine to Bologna process with introduction of the European Credit and Transfer System (ECTS), students’ mobility and its other key principles, the ideas of life-long education and constant learning, computerization of educational process, competence approach to teaching, and some others. The dynamics of the changes under the influence of current events in the country is explained. New trends in the development of higher education in our country which have been formed as a reaction to social demands are defined. The autonomy of universities and high quality of education as corner stones of all changes are analyzed in this research. Great attention is paid to implementation of competence approach to teaching. New phenomena in the modern world such as life at super speeds and digitalization and their influence on higher school educational process are…

The article is devoted to the analysis of a geography teacher’s mathematical competence, in particular, to the definition of geography teacher’s mathematical competence in the system of his professional competencies, substantiation of its content and structure, development of approaches to its measurement. The research presented in the article uses mainly theoretical methods of systems analysis, theoretical modeling of the pedagogical process, soft expert evaluation, selective methods. It is shown that the analysis of the structure of geography teacher’s professional competence allows to distinguish geography teacher’s mathematical competence of a as a subsystem of subject competence that is defined as an integral quality of personality, which is the ability and willingness to use mathematics to perform operational, epistemological and analytical functions with training. The formed and well-developed mathematical competence of a geography teacher allows carrying out active propaedeutics of strategic mathematical concepts. It is shown that it is possible to work with graphs,…

The article emphasizes the importance of activities engaging gifted children, revealing their proneness and skills, creating favorable conditions to advance their gifts, and facilitating self-actuation and successful socialization in modern pedagogy. It necessitates conducting social and pedagogical activities with gifted children and training the relevant professionals in higher educational establishments for fulfilling this task. In training future social educators, one shall consider the peculiarities of gifted children and specific nature of social and pedagogical activities engaging them. We have defined the terms “giftedness” and “gifted children”, and discovered the peculiarities of gifted children to be considered by educational professionals working with them. We have also outlined the special nature of social and pedagogical activities with children with signs of giftedness. A poll conducted for future social educators revealed that the latter are not completely ready to work with gifted children. It emphasizes the necessity of their professional training in this domain in…

Одним із найважливіших завдань фізичного виховання у закладі вищої освіти є забезпечення формування необхідного рівня фізичного розвитку студента. Вирішення цього завдання на сучасному етапі не може бути достатньо ефективним без подальшого вдосконалення системи фізичного виховання, без вивчення проблем мотивації до систематичних занять фізичною культурою. Формування мотивації до розвитку фізичної активності у студентської молоді складний і системний процес, який охоплює багато компонентів. Мета дослідження – розглянути проблему мотивації до занять фізичними вправами, проаналізувати фактори, які визначають потреби, інтереси й мотиви включення студентів у фізкультурну діяльність. Матеріал і методи дослідження. У досліджені взяли участь студенти першого курсу факультету української філології та журналістики і студенти першого курсу факультету іноземної філології. Для визначення рівня стану мотивацій до занять фізичною культурою нами проведено анкетування. Анкета включала комплекс запитань, за допомогою яких можна установити мотиви до занять фізичними вправами та ставлення студентів до…

The high prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and the proportion of patient category with inadequate blood pressure control, mainly leading to cardiovascular complications of hypertension, necessitate a further study of reasons for antihypertensive therapy ineffectiveness. There are data on subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) influence on systemic hemodynamics, in particular, on arterial blood pressure. However, there is a lack of information regarding the effect of concomitant SH on systemic hemodynamics and antihypertensive therapy effectiveness in AH patients. There is also an outstanding issue related to the influence of statins on 24-hour blood pressure monitoring parameters in the first-line antihypertensive drugs treatment for patients with AH and concomitant SH. The aim of this work: to study the effect of statins on the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring in patients with AH combined with SH. Materials and methods. After an informed consent was signed, 74 patients with stage II AH, grade 1–3, high and very high additional cardio-vascular risk were included in…

Important factors that determine the physiology of pregnancy are psycho-emotional, micronutritive state of a pregnant woman and fetoplacental complex. Complicated socio-economic conditions, environmental problems, staying in conditions of persistent stress as a result of a military conflict in the east ofUkrainehave a negative impact on the health indicators of pregnant women and their children.The aim of this study was to determine the peculiarities of the psycho-emotional state and associated changes in the production of placental hormones and micronutrients in pregnant women-displaced persons for further improvement of the antenatal observation program.Materials and methods. To perform the tasks of the study, a dynamic prospective clinical and paraclinical examination of 96 pregnant women (the main group) – displaced persons and 39 pregnant women (the control group) living permanently in the territory controlled byUkraine, who were enrolled randomly in the period of gestation after 22 weeks. All pregnant women were examined (clinical-laboratory and special obstetrical…

Research of scientists in the field of development of artistic and creative activity is considered. The artistic and creative activity is described as a complex, multicultural formation, an expression of the activity of the individual. It is stated that in the process of artistic activity the creative abilities of the person are developed and formed. It is proved that artistic and creative activity refers to a specific kind of activity and is considered in two planes: activity that finds expression in the creation of works of art, in their creative execution, which ultimately relies on the ability, which provides the process of perception and causes different in power and depth of feeling, promotes creative imagination, creates imagination, stimulates and directs the activity itself. The level of ability to artistic creativity determines the readiness of the individual for artistic and creative activity. The basic concepts of artistic and creative activity are outlined: biological, psychoanalytic, game theory, labor theory, magic theory. The artistic and creative activity is…

The author of the study analyzes the problems of the low level of readiness of the head of the educational institution for independent financial and economic activity as one of the conditions for ensuring the quality of the institution. The author sees the main problems of the low level of competence of the heads of educational institutions in the low level of knowledge of the regulatory framework in matters of financial and economic activity, accounting, planning and budgeting, codes for the functional and economic classification of expenses, in poor orientation in the treasury service system, and the lack of skills of economic service of the institution, maintaining warehouse records, low level of knowledge and ability to organize procurement procedures, lack of well-established ideas about construction work, about the procedure for drawing up acts of acceptance of work performed, the rate of consumption of building materials. Having examined in detail the problems that the head of the educational institution faces in organizing the work of the institution in conditions of…

У статті описано групу Clarin-PL, яка є польським представництвом Європейської дослідницької інфраструктури CLARIN ERIC. Представлено завдання та цілі інфраструктури CLARIN ERIC та групи Clarin-PL. Як приклади подано окремі мовні засоби та ресурси, розроблені групою Clarin-PL. Особливу увагу присвячено тим багатомовним ресурсам, головна роль у побудові яких належить команді Інституту славістики Польської академії наук (ІС ПАН), зокрема це два розширені багатомовні корпуси сучасних текстів Polish-Lithuanian Parallel Corpus "2" i Polish-Ukrainian Parallel Corpus. Схарактеризовано провідну роль ІС ПАН у побудові групою Clarin-PL багатомовних корпусів. Окреслено нові, вже розпочаті та заплановані завдання, пов’язані з побудовою багатомовних ресурсів Clarin-PL.

The article discusses objective and subjective means of measuring the sociological analysis of socio-economic inequality. Among objective assessments, attention is drawn to the integral indices of the quality of life developed by international organizations. The data on the current rating of Ukraine in the international arena on the quality of life, prosperity index, welfare index, human development index. The analysis of subjective assessments of the population of Ukraine of its place in the social structure and financial situation of families. It has been determined that in recent years the situation with socio-economic inequality has not experienced significant changes, and is even becoming more complicated. It indicates what economic, political and social consequences inequality leads to. The need for overcoming the extreme manifestations of the inequality of building a strong state with effective professional management in all spheres of life is noted. Absolute equality cannot be achieved. At the same time, excessive inequality creates many problems for the development of…

At present, the development of software packages for calculating computational fluid dynamics problems has reached a high level of efficiency, accuracy and flexibility, with their help it is possible to solve the most diverse and complex problems. All modern software packages for computational fluid dynamics solve the problems of continuum mechanics using models based on the Navier-Stokes equations. These models are based on three conservation equations: conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. A numerical simulation of the spatial flow of a high-pressure radial-axial hydraulic turbine RO 310 was carried out for two variants of the flow path – with an runner with 15 blades (modification 1) and with 17 blades (modification 2), using the OpenFOAM software package. The OpenFOAM software package is one of the most used products designed to solve fluid dynamics problems and is distributed under a free GPL license (General Purpose License). The process of solving the set hydrodynamic problems using the CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) software package…

To create heat-resistant structural materials capable of operating at high temperatures (up to 1,400 °C), glass crystalline materials based on the SrO–Al2O3–SiO2 system are promising.This paperreports the results of studying strontium-anorthite ceramics modified with boron-containing glass of the spodumene composition. It was established that in order to achieve a set of high physical and technical indicators of ceramics at reduced firing temperatures (1,200‒1,300 °C), it is necessary to introduce glass in the amount of 20‒30 % by weight. In this case, densely baked materials with low TCLE values were obtained (32.0–33.4)·10-7 degrees-7, which predetermine their high thermal resistance (not lower than 850 °C). The principal crystalline phase of the examined ceramics is a monoclinic modification of strontium anorthite that mainly forms its microstructure. The strontium anorthite crystals measuring from 1‒2 µm to 3–4 µm are tightly connected via thin layers of the residual glass phase. In the glass phase, the β-spodumene crystals the size of 0.1–0.3 µm are evenly distributed. The…

The possibilities of optimization of cutting technology for the production of autoclaved aerated concrete and the use of low-clinker binders in it are investigated. Taking into account the price factor, energy-ecological trends in the development of the industry of building wall and heat-insulating materials, autoclaved aerated concrete has significant prospects for the development of production.With the transition to the production of autoclaved aerated concrete of lower density, on the one hand, the total material consumption of production decreases, and on the other, the specific costs of the binder (cement) per unit mass of aerated concrete increase. The research was aimed at implementing a number of technological solutions. They imply a decrease in the energy intensity of production by minimizing the clinker component in the raw mix and an intensification of the production process in order to increase the coefficient of the structural quality of the material, as well as the possibility of mass production of low-density aerated concrete. Reducing the clinker component by…

During the operation of power plant equipment, technological media are used – water, turbine oils. Diagnostics of equipment by gas chromatographic determination of diagnostic components (gases Н2, СН4, С2Н6, С2Н4, С2Н2, СО, СО2, О2, N2), water, "Ionol" in these media is urgent. For this, 5 chromatographs are used. An increase in the reliability of the main circulation pumps of a nuclear power plant can be due to an increase in the reliability of its oil system. The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the generation of gases in the systems "oil – diagnostic gas", "oil – water – diagnostic gas" with the use of turbine oil Тп-22s is studied. Gas concentrations increase with an increase in the duration of exposure for 1600 s at a frequency of 35–125 kHz and a power of 20 W. The dependences of the concentrations Ci of dissolved gases on the irradiation time τ of technological media is expressed by the equation Сi=А∙τ+В Coefficients A, B and correlation coefficients R2 have specific values for each dissolved gas. So, 0.95≤R2≤0.995, which indicates the adequacy of the obtained equations…

This paper reports the synthesized two-mass antiphase resonance vibratory machine with a vibration exciter in the form of a passive auto-balancer. In the vibratory machine, platforms 1 and 2 are viscoelastically attached to the stationary bed and are tied together viscoelastically. A passive auto-balancer is mounted on platform 2.It has been established that the vibratory machine has two resonant frequencies and two corresponding forms of platform oscillations. Such values for the supports’ parameters have been analytically selected at which:‒ there is an antiphase mode of motion at which platforms 1 and 2 oscillate in the opposite phase and the principal vector of forces acting on the bed (when disregarding the forces of gravity) is zero;‒ the frequency of platform oscillations under an antiphase mode coincides with the second resonance frequency.The antiphase mode occurs when the loads in an auto-balancer get stuck in the vicinity of the second resonance frequency, which is caused by the Sommerfeld effect.The dynamic characteristics of a vibratory machine have been investigated by…

The effect of water-heat treatment and time of electromagnetic irradiation on the yield and quality of flattened wholegrain cereal from emmer wheat is investigated. A comparative analysis of cereal yield and cooking time at different moisture contents and time of electromagnetic irradiation of grain before flattening is carried out. The degree of influence of the investigated factors on the total yield of flattened wholegrain cereal and high-grade flattened cereal is determined.The effect of electromagnetic irradiation on the yield of high-grade flattened cereal is significant. Moistening does not affect the overall cereal yield. The highest total yield of cereal was obtained after grain irradiation for 20–80 s, and the lowest – after 180 s. The highest yield of high-grade flattened cereal was obtained with an irradiation time of 80–100 s, while the lowest – 20 s.Moistening of emmer wheat grain by 1.0 % allows increasing the yield of high-grade flattened cereal from 89.6 to 92.3 %. In this case, the optimal irradiation time is reduced from 100 to 80 s.It is found that emmer wheat…

This paper reports the design of nanotechnology for processing chickpea into protein plant additives in the form of finely-dispersed pastes and nanopowders, based on the use of a deep processing method. A comprehensive effect exerted on the raw materials by the steam-thermal treatment and fine grinding using the modern equipment at restaurant enterprises has proven to be a real innovation. The technology involves the processes of steam- and mechanodestruction of most of the biopolymers in chickpea (proteins, starch, cellulose, pectin) to individual monomers (40...70 %), which are in the nanoscale easily-digestible form. The proposed method of deep processing makes it possible to better utilize the biological potential of raw materials.The resulting protein supplements made from chickpea in combination with fruit and vegetable additives (from carrot, pumpkin, apple, lemon with zest, garlic, celery and ginger roots) were used as formulation components in the development of a new generation of confectionery products that promote the strengthening of immunity. We have devised waffle…

This paper reports a study into the movement of vibratory machines for various technological purposes that determined their stable zones. These zones warrant that the predetermined parameters of energy saving and energy-efficient mode are maintained. The structural scheme of energy transmission within the elements of a vibratory machine has been built. It is common for any design of the vibratory machine and its operating modes. The machine estimation scheme has been constructed taking into consideration a technological load, which is a certain manufacturing environment or a material subject to processing based on the appropriate technology. Underlying the motion equations built is a substantiated discrete-continual model of the vibratory machine and processing environment. The estimation scheme takes into consideration possible structural solutions for a vibratory machine whose movement modes are harmonious or impact-vibrational. The adopted scheme is a resonance vibration-impact system. This study into the movement and establishing the zones of stability has been adapted to…

We have proposed a method for optimizing the loading speed of the site. The site is targeted at the local audience within one city or region. It is also taken into account that we can develop the site in a ready-made content management system. We have formed a list of criteria that affect the site loading speed. Experts in multimedia publishing have been involved in forming a list of criteria that affect the site loading speed. We have discovered the difficulties and shortcomings of certain criteria, which should be considered as analytical and theoretical data for an expert review of the complexity of criteria implementation.The weighting factors of the criteria influence on the optimization degree of the website loading speed are determined. A pairwise comparison matrix of criteria is based on determining how much is one of the criteria influencing the optimization degree of the site loading speed more significant than the other. The calculation of the elements of the weighting matrix of the criteria is implemented. The most important and significant criteria that influence the…

Polymer-abrasive brush rotating tools are increasingly used for finishing operations in automated manufacturing. Given this, studying the process of their fibers’ wear has become important; and such a type of wear as the detachment of a whole fiber at the point of fixing has not been investigated in detail up to now. This phenomenon can lead to the disruption of stable equipment operation and the catastrophic wear of brushes. Therefore, it is a relevant task to search for and identify those limitations that could prevent fibers from detachment.This study involved the disc and cylindrical polymer-abrasive brushes as the most common in production.The current study has established that the detachment occurs at an unfavorable combination of the processing regimes and brushes’ parameters at rotations close to the limits specified by the manufacturer.When checking the temperature level at the fiber anchoring point, it was determined that the heating of the fibers in this region during operation was not enough to melt the polymeric base of the fibers and detach them.It has been established…

A concise analysis of global experience in the field of environmental labelling of road vehicles with an emphasis on differentiating access to low-emission zones is given. The main principles of the introduction and application of a unified system of environmental labelling of road vehicles are highlighted with an emphasis on tools to stimulate the maintenance of the environmental properties inherent in the design. On the basis of simulation, forecasts of a decrease in the average specific reduced emissions of harmful substances by a fleet of vehicles of different categories are given in accordance with different control scenarios. Through the introduction of the proposed environment zones of various levels, the fundamental possibilities are shown to achieve a decrease in the level of total specific reduced emissions approximately: up to 40–65 % of the current level within dense urban development covering large territories (“red” environment zones of level V with the maximum permissible level of reduced emissions of 251 g/km (g/tkm) and, accordingly, limiting the active operation of…

A process of creating a static neural network intended for diagnosing bypass gas turbine aircraft engines by a method of categorizing the technical state of the engine flow path was considered. Diagnostics depth was "to the structural assembly". A variant of diagnosing single faults of the flow path was considered.The following tasks were set:‒ select the best neuron activation functions in the network layers;‒ determine the number of layers;‒ determine the optimal number of neurons in layers;‒ determine the optimal size of the training set.The problem was solved taking into account the influence of parameter measurement errors.The method of structure optimization implies training the network of the selected configuration using a training data set. The training was periodically interrupted to analyze the results of the network operation according to the criterion characterizing the quality of classification of the engine technical state. The assessment was performed with training and control sets. The network that provides the best value of the classification quality parameter…

The method of group capacity regulation of centrifugal mechanisms is proposed to solve the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of thermal power plant auxiliaries. The method is based on using a group frequency converter for basic capacity regulation of centrifugal mechanisms. Additional regulation is commonly carried out by throttling, bypassing or changing the guide vane opening angle.Analysis of auxiliary power consumption showed that due to ineffective regulation methods, the share of power consumption can reach 50 %.A mathematical model of the centrifugal mechanism that allows for studying various regulation methods is developed. The task of finding optimal control parameters for a group of centrifugal mechanisms that ensure power boiler operation is stated and solved. By the results obtained, it was determined that group capacity regulation of boiler draft mechanisms is most rational. For the feed pump, an individual variable-frequency drive shall be used.In contrast to the individual variable-frequency drive, the introduction of the group regulation method requires…

An algorithm for calculating the strength and reliability of centrifugal fire pump housings has been developed, aimed at determining the optimal mass-dimension parameters of centrifugal fire pumps. To this end, a method has been devised for determining the main indicators of reliability, an optimization mathematical model has been built, and an algorithm for solving the optimization problem using the Monte Carlo method has been developed. When devising a method for determining the main reliability indicators of centrifugal fire pumps, the strength and kinematic parameters have been taken into consideration, as well as an economic indicator of reliability and the costs of ensuring reliability. These indicators make it possible to establish the optimal consumption of materials for the manufacture of structural elements of centrifugal fire pumps that ensure their strength and reliability. When building the optimization mathematical model, a pump weight minimization was used as the objective function while the applied difference criterion makes it possible to take into consideration the…

This paper has demonstrated the need to use models not only at the stage of theoretical research and design operations but also when studying existing objects. The techniques to build them on the basis of identification methods have been analyzed. The identification methods have been shown when determining the parameters of processes and objects. The difficulty of defining the models' structures has been emphasized.A method has been proposed to determine the structure of an arbitrary object's model as the approximating set of linear differential models. The data on the object's response to external impact have been used as source data. Demonstrating the method's feasibility employed a set of standard links and a standard external influence in the form of a stepped function as a model. This approach helps assess the adequacy of the obtained approximation results based on the precise solutions available. In a general case, there are no specific requirements for the form of an external influence and an object's reaction.The data that reflect the object's response should allow their…

The use of a battery as a power supply for small electronic devices, such as camera, laptop, and handphone, with a wireless sensory network, is currently being developed. Besides, climate change keeps on worsening because of the use of fossil fuel emitting carbon and increase in global warming. However, due to climate change, many have sought alternatives to reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, the use of environmentally friendly material such as bamboo is essential. The generation of electrical energy in this study used bamboo-based activated carbon as an electrode, which was put between counter electrodes. The electrical energy was generated from a system consisting of a counter electrode – electrode – counter electrode. Three types of counter electrode tested were copper, aluminum, and aluminum foil. An electrolyte was injected between the electrode and counter electrode before being heated. The electrolyte tested was distilled water. The electrostatic force was generated by water electrolyte ions toward the poles of functional groups, the electrical charge of the pores, and…

The structure and performance of content management systems are analyzes. Over the past three decades, sites have evolved from a conventional way of transmitting hypertext to multi-component software that serves thousands of users simultaneously and allows different types of Internet resources to exist on the same platform. For easy data manipulation in this case use content management systems content management systems. The four most popular in many countries content management systems: WordPress, OpenCart, Joomla, Drupal are compared in the article using ten key features : platform; technology; database management systems used in the design; developer; request processing speed; cost; reliability; target audience; ease of use; availability of translation of the administrative panel into Ukrainian. As research has shown, there is no completely universal content management system. Every of the existing software for creating a web resource is designed to solve a specific range of tasks. The method of building a content management systems is based on classical methods of Web-site…

The aim of this research is to study the stability of haulage drifts and the manifestations of rock pressure in them lengthwise the working area when protecting them with coal pillars.To assess the stability of workings, field experiments were conducted to study the manifestations of rock pressure in the haulage drifts of a steep coal seam. It has been registered that as the breakage face progresses, the displacement of roof rocks on the contour of the drift linearly increases with an increase in the length of the working area.The deformation properties of coal pillars were studied taking into consideration the extent of the convergence of the roof and soil. This paper reports a theoretical model that describes the destruction of the above-drift coal pillars when unloading the coal-bearing massif that hosts the workings.It has been determined that the equilibrium state of coal pillars is ensured when the specific deformation and stress potentials are equal before the occurrence of main cracks of destruction. As the relative deformation of coal pillars increases at compression, when…

The study concerns composite materials based on polymer mixtures of a styrene-acrylic polymer, glycidyl ether, and a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) compatibilizer. The use of a silane-type compatibilizer improves the compatibility of the components and has been shown to significantly increase the degree of crosslinking of the composition components. In this work, the structural parameters of the polymer network of the composition components depending on the compatibilizer concentration were researched by the method of equilibrium swelling. The optimal concentration of the compatibilizer was found to maximize the degree of crosslinking with a minimal number of active chains. This fact proves that the crosslinking in the composition is complete and the molecule does not contain active sites that have not reacted with the compatibilizer. The swelling kinetics of the polymer composite films proves that with an increase in the degree of crosslinking, the swelling of the polymer films decreases. Polymer films with a low proportion of active chains practically do not swell after the…

The study explores the possibility of using water (R718) as a refrigerant for a heat pump installation of a heating system. This unit is a vapor compression heat pump with a regenerative heat exchanger in which the vacuum unit based on a liquid-vapor ejector is used instead of a scroll refrigeration compressor. The working process of such an apparatus is based on implementing a fundamentally new cycle that does not require the supply of working steam from the outside. Instead, steam is generated inside the vacuum unit. The article describes the proposed installation and its differences from the traditional one, both in terms of circuit solutions and in terms of the operating cycle. A thermodynamic calculation was performed for the proposed installation with R718 as the working medium and the traditional heat pump systems operating on refrigerants R142b, R254fa, and R410a. As a result of the calculation, the parameters of all the devices included in these schemes were obtained, and the conversion factors of the cycles were determined. To assess the feasibility of using R718 as a…

Fuzzy set theory is an effective alternative to probability theory in solving many problems of studying processes and systems under conditions of uncertainty. The application of this theory is especially in demand in situations where the system under study operates under conditions of rapidly changing influencing parameters or characteristics of the environment. In these cases, the use of solutions obtained by standard methods of the probability theory is not quite correct. At the same time, the conceptual, methodological and hardware base of the alternative fuzzy set theory is not sufficiently developed. The paper attempts to fill existing gaps in the fuzzy set theory in some important areas. For continuous fuzzy quantities, the concept of distribution density of these quantities is introduced. Using this concept, a method for calculating the main numerical characteristics of fuzzy quantities, as well as a technology for calculating membership functions for fuzzy values of functions from these fuzzy quantities and their moments is proposed. The introduction of these formalisms…

The dynamic behavior in the clamped edge stress of structures is not yet fully understood clearly; also, clamped structures involve uncertainty. This research presents a numerical and analytical study of clamped edge stress behavior due to the load imposed by the chip-cutting tool on a workpiece. Clamping system, which is made of H-13 steel and machining workpiece made of AISI 8620 steel are analyzed. The maximum clamped edge stress is analyzed through dynamic response, considering the machined part as a cantilever beam, involving the constitutive relations as well as the compatibility equations. The central differential equation of motion leads us to determine the modal stresses that are a primary characteristic of the structure and that are also distributed in it. Once the modal stress has been determined as well as the maximum amplitude at the free end of the specimen to be machined, it is possible to calculate the maximum clamped edge stress that is generated between both the specimen and the clamping system. Finally, a numerical analysis of the clamping jaw is performed for the…

With the aim to predict shifts in water quality in the Danube river delta, a geographic information system (GIS) for environmental monitoring with additional functions for analyzing time-dependent series of observation results was developed. Using the developed GIS, the main trends of shifts in phycological indices of water quality for the period starting from 2005 were revealed. The topicality of these studies is dictated by the need to determine the impact of shifts in aquatic chemistry on the biotic component of the ecosystem.According to data on the Pantle-Buck saprobity index, there was a trend to improving water quality during the study period. A downward trend in species diversity was found using the Shannon diversity index calculated from the abundance of phytoplankton. The revealed trends in phycological indices were observed already in the inlet section of the Danube river delta (above Reni), i.e. they are due to factors operating outside the Danube delta.The obtained results on the trends of phycological parameters correlate with the previously obtained data of the…

Artificial intelligence has become the backbone of modern decision support systems. This is why a complex method for finding solutions for neuro-fuzzy expert systems has been developed. The proposed complex method is based on a mathematical model for the analysis of the operational situation. The model makes it possible to determine the parameters of the analysis of the operational situation, their influence on the quality of assessment of the operational situation and to determine their number with units of measurement. An increase in the efficiency of information processing (error reduction) of the assessment is achieved by the use of evolving neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks. Training of evolving neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks is carried out by training not only synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type, parameters of the membership function, but also by applying the procedure for reducing the dimension of the feature space. The efficiency of information processing is also achieved by training the architecture of artificial neural networks;…

Complex systems (processes) of responsible purpose are becoming more common in the modern world. The responsibility for designing complex systems is due to, for example, circumstances such as dependence on the latest health or even the lives of large numbers of people, the environmental security of regions and high material costs. These include responsible industrial and energy facilities, elements of transport, communication and safety systems, computer systems and networks, equipment for complex medical interventions in the human body, educational institutions, etc. What unites these systems and makes them subjects of research is that their complexity requires the use of modern information technologies and the appropriate "embedded" computer system for obtaining and processing real-time reliable data on the state of the object. Existing embedded information systems, as a rule, should be trained in advance to detect deviations of the parameters of the state of the controlled object from the norm, as well as to calculate and perform (sometimes, with the help of the operator) actions…

The excellent specifications of the isolated squirrel cage self-excited induction generator (SEIG) make it the first choice for use with renewable energy sources. However, poor voltage and frequency regulation (under load and speed perturbations) are the main problems with isolated SEIGs. Wide dependence on the SEIG requires prior knowledge of its behaviour with regard to variations in the input of mechanical power and output of electrical power to develop a control system that is capable of maintaining the voltage and frequency at rated values, as far as possible, with any change in the input or output power of the SEIG. In this paper, a mathematical model of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a squirrel cage SEIG with a generalized impedance control (GIC) was built using the Matlab/Simulink environment in a d-q stationary reference frame. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was used to control the parameters of the GIC. The training of the FLC was conducted by a neural network through Matlab's Neuro-Fuzzy designer. The results of this paper showed that the trained FLC…

Substantiation of using non-circular plain shaped surfaces to increase the compactness of power plants is presented. The criterion of thermohydraulic compactness is justified, which takes into account the layout and arrangement of heat transfer elements and their thermohydraulic efficiency. To simulate heat movement and transfer processes in elements of power plants, the computational fluid dynamics method is used. Verification is carried out with available literature data, the discrepancy of results does not exceed 2.4 %. For single elliptical and plane-oval shapes, there is a local maximum of efficiency, achieved at the axis ratio of 2.5 for elliptical and 2.75 for plane-oval. Studies of the change of the heat transfer coefficient in the tube bank rows are carried out. For the elliptical tube bank, heat transfer is stabilized from the fifth row. Heat transfer surfaces of circular, elliptical and plane-oval tubes with different combinations of geometric characteristics are considered. It is found that on the basis of elliptical tubes it is possible to reduce the volume of the heat…

A modified MnO2 clinoptillolite was obtained by using the available zeolite rock from the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Khust district of the Zakarpattia region, Ukraine) using a simple technique of mixing solutions containing separately Mn2+ and MnO4-. It was determined that the total manganese content in the air-dry modified thermally untreated clinoptyllolite was 11.42 mg/g, which is 1.8 % in terms of MnO2.Structural characteristics, namely, the pore size distribution and specific surface area as the main basic characteristics of the catalyst, were studied, which were obtained from the isotherms of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption. These studies are necessary to determine the limiting stage of CO oxidation.It has been determined that the kinetics of the oxidation process is described by a first-order equation. Based on the obtained characteristics of the catalyst, the kinetic parameters of the process were calculated, namely, the effective and true rate constants and the activation energy, which is 31 kJ/mol. It has been proved that the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide…

Installations for the treatment of oilfield wastewater have been developed. The article presents a solution of hydrocyclone installations for the treatment of oilfield wastewater based on the use of swirling flows. Due to the centrifugal forces in the hydrocyclone and the turbulent movement of water, the armor shells of oil droplets are destroyed, they are enlarged, and the monodispersity increases. The forces acting in the hydrocyclone are considered, and the efficiency of centrifugal forces in separating solid particles is estimated. The main parameters and requirements for the quality of oilfield wastewater are given, recommended for calculation in the development of new and improving existing oilfield wastewater treatment plants for oil reservoir flooding, which allows increasing oil recovery by 1,5-2 times. Improving the systems of field preparation of products includes both the development of new effective technical means, including hydrocyclones, and the improvement of traditionally used equipment. Gidrocyclone can be used as the main element in the wastewater treatment…

The field of defense and security requires ballistic resistant materials for self-protection. Ballistic resistant materials must be able to withstand projectile spin rate and absorb impact energy. A combination of hardness on the surface and ductility on the other side is required to make the projectile resistance plate. Hardness is required to withstand the projectile rate, while ductility is required to reduce cracking, brittle fracture and absorption of impact energy. The objective of this study is to find the effect of the coil shape on microstructure and hardness distribution on the steel plate that is carried out by surface hardening using an induction machine. Medium carbon steel plate with the thickness 8 mm is austenitized using the induction heating machine with coil dimension and shape variations. Austenizing on the surface and rapid quenching in oil media are up to 900 °C. A micro-observation was conducted on quench plates and hardness distribution on their cross-section. The result of microstructure observation and micro Vickers hardness test of coil variation at a…

The conducted studies of the impact of thermal action of a high-temperature magnesium flame on construction materials for timber protection from atmospheric factors revealed a pattern of temperature transfer to timber. It was proved that depending on the thermophysical properties of the material, this can lead to its ignition or slowing down the thermal conductivity process. That is why there arises the need to study the conditions for thermal conductivity and establish the mechanism for inhibition of heat transfer to timber. In this regard, a mathematical model of the process of transferring heat flow on the surface of timber when protected by coatings was developed. According to the experimental data and obtained dependences, it was established that the density of heat flow through a steel plate increases to a value of more than 200 kW/m2, which is sufficient for ignition of timber. Instead, the density of heat flow through a vermiculite plate did not exceed 5.2 kW/m2, which is not enough for its ignition. It was established that the main regulator of the heat transfer process is…

A mathematical model has been built of the subway car on two double-axle bogies with an axial characteristic of 20–20, whose spring suspension’s central link is equipped with springs and electromechanical dampers. A special feature of the model is its integration of such components as 17 differential equations of the second order, which describe the operation of the mechanical part «carriage-rail track», as well as 8 differential equations of the first order that describe the operation of 4 electromechanical shock absorbers. The model is complemented with three polynomials of orders 32 and 63 describing the state of the magnetic field of electromechanical shock absorbers and their electromagnetic force, as well as 4 algebraic coupling equations.The mathematical model of the «carriage-rail track» system equipped with electromechanical shock absorbers takes into consideration the following components:– the longitudinal and transverse oscillations by wheelsets of the car bogies and body;– the parameters of a rail track;– the electromagnetic features of electric shock absorbers;– the…

Production of waxes from spent perlite, which is a waste of sunflower oil winterization, is studied.Winterization is characterized by significant losses of oil with filter powders, and waste utilization is an environmental and economic problem. At the same time, winterization waste contains valuable components – wax and oil, which can be used in different ways.The content of waxes in spent perlite using hexane (18 %), as well as the quality indicators of the obtained wax: melting point 70 °C, saponification number 115 mg KOH/g, acid number 2.6 mg KOH/g, mass fraction of moisture 0,82 % are determined.Spent perlite was treated with a solution of sodium chloride during boiling, settling of the obtained mass, washing and drying of wax. The dependence of the yield and melting point of the extracted waxes on the processing parameters: the concentration of sodium chloride solution, temperature and duration of settling is found.Rational conditions for spent perlite processing are determined: the concentration of sodium chloride solution – 7.5 %, settling temperature – 20 °C, settling…

The systems engineering concept of digitalization of higher education institutions (HEI) was proposed. The concept integrates the systemic, process-based, and project-based approach to displaying the objects and processes of the HEI activity in a unified digital space. This will make it possible to use it for automated solutions of functional problems in the educational, scientific, economic, and management processes of the HEI. Within the framework of the concept, the approaches to implementation were proposed: processes of the HEI digital transformation; functions and structures of the HEI digitalization project management; tools of a digital university. The concept is based on a unified digital space, which includes: digital and functional environment, tools for its formation, tools for using the digital environment. It was shown that the success of the transformation of the HEI into a digital university directly depends on the effectiveness of the organization of processes of digitalization project management. And this requires the use of the problem-oriented methodology of…

This paper reports the operational indicators for industrial-sized jet grinding plants (JGP). The dependences of specific energy consumption on productivity have been generalized. The technological patterns in the working process were considered in terms of reducing energy costs using the operation of gas-jet and steam-jet mills at the Vilnohirsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant (VMMP) involved in crushing zircon to 60 µm as an example. The acoustic activity in the grinding area has been studied relative to the concentration of μ and in combination with the technological assessment of the mill’s performance. A broadband piezo sensor was used in the assessment of acoustic emission (AE). It is shown that the acoustic activity of the grinding zone contains information about the effects of dispersion and energy costs for grinding, which makes it possible to estimate and minimize the specific energy costs. It has been established that the principal factors of JGP energy intensity are the initial temperature of the energy carrier, which sets the speed of the jet, and the concentration of…

An improved model of a rotary film evaporator with a cutting blade having a reflective surface and equipped with an autonomous heating system which is fed by a power supply from Peltier elements. The reflective surface of the advanced cutting blade had an area of 0.06 m2 and was heated by a flexible film resistive electric heater of radiating type with a ~15...20 W power supply. This solution provides additional heating and mixing and helps to capture the cut-off layer of puree while reducing the useful surface of the working chamber by 7 %.Most evaporators have a low heat transfer coefficient reducing the energy content of the process and final quality of the product. The heat exchange efficiency can be increased by improving the design of the film-forming element of the rotary film evaporator.The use of the proposed cutting blade with a reflective surface enables an increase in the heat transfer coefficient by approximately 20 % compared to the basic rectangular blade design. When comparing the calculated data, it can be concluded that the main indicator of resource efficiency,…

The studies of the capabilities of redundant measurement methods revealed the high efficiency of the presented methods in increasing the accuracy of multiple measurements. It was proved that redundant measurement equations ensure the independence of the measurement result from the parameters of the transformation function and their deviations from the nominal values. Experimental studies have confirmed that the accuracy of multiple measurements is increased by processing the results of intermediate measurements using equations of redundant measurements by two approaches. In particular, it was found that processing the results of multiple measurements with the logarithmic transformation function with the first approach provides the value of the relative error of 0.75×10 %, and the second – 0.02×10.This suggests that the increase in accuracy is due to the total effect of the elimination of the systematic error component due to changes in the parameters of the transformation function and reduction of the random error component. The latter, in particular, concerns the algorithms for…

A method has been developed to simulate propagation of train delays in branched railroad ranges using modified epidemiological SIR models. These models take into account the mutual influence of trains with different priorities in the flow. This makes it possible to study the heterogeneous dynamics in the propagation of delays among trains of different priorities. To consider the propagation of the primary delay in space and time, it is proposed to represent the topology of the railway network in the form of an undirected graph with reference to the edge of the graph in the mathematical system of differential equations of the SIR model. This unifies the process of constructing SIR models for each edge (section) of the network graph and reduces the dimension of the problem. To take into account the influence of the “network effect”, it is proposed to determine the transit coefficient for each station of the section. This coefficient helps calculate the number of delayed trains for adjacent sections. To set SIR models, it is proposed to use empirical data on the propagation of the…

This paper reports the results of the experimental and theoretical studies of the characteristics of perforated pipelines, which are used to collect and dispose water from capacitive treatment structures of water supply and sewerage systems. The value and nature of the change in the flow rate through the perforation holes µcol lengthwise a pipeline have been examined depending on the design characteristics of the perforated pipes and parameters of a fluid flow in the pipeline. Measurements were carried out at a specially assembled experimental bench. The experiments determined the nature of changes in the flow rate value, as well as in the piezometric line along the collector. The obtained data showed that the flow rate factor µcol varies along the length of the collecting channel. Its value depends on the ratio of the velocity of the fluid jets that enter the pipe to the average velocity in the examined cross-section (Uh/V). In this case, this ratio also changes along the path; it has a maximum value at the beginning of the pipe and a minimum value at its end. The variable flow…

This paper reports the technique devised to evaluate fluctuations in the main parameters for a wireless channel of the 802.11 standard based on the confidence regression interval. Underlying such a technique is the use of mathematical ratios of the relationship among the statistical probability, variance, and fluctuation level. It should be noted that this technique could be used when technically diagnosing the 802.11x standard wireless networks at the stages of their design and operation. Applying the proposed technique for the estimation models of the main channel parameters makes it possible to derive an estimate of fluctuation intervals without the need to process large arrays of measurement results. This greatly reduces the time of obtaining the result from diagnosing by involving monitoring algorithms.An expression for the statistical relation between fluctuations in the main parameters of the 802.11 standard wireless channel was obtained on the basis of the proposed mathematical ratios, which makes it possible to evaluate fluctuations of the information parameter based on the…

The rapid development of computer technology, the emergence of modern cyber threats with signs of hybridity and synergy put forward strict requirements for the economic component of national security and especially the processes of ensuring the economy cybersecurity. The cybersecurity industry is trying to meet today's requirements by introducing new and more advanced security technologies and methods, but it is believed that such a universal approach is not enough. The study is devoted to resolving the objective contradiction between the growing practical requirements for an appropriate level of cybersecurity of business process contours while increasing the number and technological complexity of cybersecurity threats. Also the fact that threats acquire hybrid features on the one hand, and imperfection, and sometimes the lack of methodology for modeling the behavior of interacting agents of security systems should be taken into account. However, this does not allow timely prediction of future actions of attackers, and as a result, determining the required level of investment in…

Electrochromic coating is the basis of smart windows with variable optical characteristics. Nevertheless, despite the obvious advantages of using smart windows in construction, their cost is high.We have considered the coatings obtained by the cathodic template method, which are more economical in production. The presented studies are devoted to tests at cyclic temperature loads – repeated cooling and heating. The paper shows the influence of the medium and the method of heat supply (removal) to an electrochromic electrode based on a composite Ni(OH)2-PVA coating as well as the effect of surface preparation before its application.As a medium for cyclic temperature loads, we used air or a working electrolyte – 0.1 M KOH. As a preliminary preparation of the transparent electrically conductive base, we used electrochemical etching of a part of the layer of the electrically conductive transparent coating of tin oxide doped with fluorine in a solution of 1 M HCl.The result of a series of experiments was the discovery of a strong influence of temperature cyclic loads on the final…

The results of kinematic and force analysis of the new six-link converting mechanism of the sucker rod pumper drive (SRPD) are presented in this paper and the advantages of the alternative design are substantiated. Using a straight-line generating mechanism allows reducing essentially converting mechanism dimensions and metal consumption as compared with traditionally used SRPD with swinging balancer and crank-based counterweight, first of all, due to eliminating the complicated arc head (so-called «horse-head») of the existing units. However, in order to make sure the working capacities of non-balancer mechanism, kinematic and force characteristics have to be studied. The results of mathematical modeling of the six-link mechanism confirm the qualitative advantages of the straight-line generator. As a result of the study of the rectilinear-guiding mechanism as a transforming mechanism for the drive of sucker rod pumping units, the laws of motion of the links, position, speed and acceleration of all points were determined. To solve the problem of kinematic analysis, the method of…

This paper reports an ontological approach to designing intelligent decision support to control the quality of multi-layered double-glazed windows within the framework of a virtual instrument-building enterprise (VIE) that produces solar energy complexes. It is shown that improving the efficiency in solving the tasks related to managing the quality of VIE products necessitates the application of an ontological engineering toolset to create a unified knowledge space that would cover the manufacturing phase of a product's life cycle. The methodical basis for making an ontological information-analytical system (OIAS) to manage product quality was the tool platform "TODOS" (Ukraine) whose means were used to synthesize a set of ontological models that make up the intelligent core of OIAS. The OIAS knowledge-based inference procedure has been described when making a decision about a deviation in the manufacturing process that led to the emergence of damage. This procedure implies the implementation of direct and reverse inference based on the knowledge in the ontological environment and…

This paper investigates the local strength of reinforced-concrete slabs in a pontoon of the composite floating dock under uniform hydrostatic load.A refined approach was applied to calculate the reinforced-concrete slabs considering the difference in the mechanical characteristics of concrete exposed to stretching and compression.The length of the zone of fixation that impacts concrete compression and stretching has been determined, which is 0.22 lengths of the short side of the rectangular slab. To this end, preliminary calculations of stresses in slabs made from a non-composite homogeneous material were performed, at different sizes of thickness and ratios of the slabs’ side lengths.A finite-element model of the reinforced concrete slab was built, with its reinforcing elements in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The model accounts for differences in the mechanical characteristics, which are set separately for the compressed and stretched regions of concrete.The stressed-strained state of rectangular reinforced concrete slabs has been estimated for the case of complete…

A failure incident occurred on perforated casing tubing for geothermal wells. The damage happened during the drilling process by an air drilling technique after eleven days from the installation. Even though air drilling is a common method for geothermal drilling, this incident showed a lesson to learn to prevent a similar accident in the future. Failure analysis based on the laboratory and field observation was done to get the failure incident's root cause. The visual identification result showed a severe depletion and cracks in the tubing at a depth of 1,450–1,500 m. Optical emission spectroscopy and the tensile test showed materials appropriateness to the specifications. The corrosion attacked from the outer side of the tube. This tubing was exposed to an environment with significant H2S, CO2, water steam, and oxygen from the air drilling process. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed FeS and Fe3O4 in the corrosion product. Both of the scale formed as a different layer, where the FeS is formed below the Fe3O4 layer. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)…

The results of the study on the effect of the design parameters of a nonlinear inductor on the level of electromagnetic interference generated by DC/DC converters are presented. The paper proposes models designed for the LTspice XVII environment, which allow investigating conducted interference spectra, efficiency and output voltage ripple of the converter using a nonlinear inductor model. The simulation results showed that the level of conducted interference is affected by the volume and material of the inductor core, as well as the presence of an air gap in the core. The results of measurements of conducted interference spectra at different values of the cross-sectional area of the inductor core of the DC/DC converter are presented. With the nominal cross-sectional area of the core, calculated taking into account converter output power, the study of the relationship between the level of conducted interference and the width of air gap in the inductor core is carried out. In the course of studies, using the Chan model, the influence of inductor core material on the level of…

This paper reports comparative tribotechnical tests of surfaces, hardened by cementation and plasma nitriding Avinit N, for contact fatigue strength at friction in rolling with slipping. Following the cementation, the samples' hardened layer thickness was 1.2 mm; on nitriding, the thickness of the hardened layer was 0.25 mm. The tests were carried out using an acoustic emission method, which is extremely sensitive when registering the transition of tribosystems' operation from the normal (mechanochemical) wear to the initial surface destruction of a fatigue nature.The tests have shown that the average number of cycles before the initial destruction due to fatigue for the samples hardened by the Avinit nitriding technology is 1.82-time higher compared to the cementation-hardened samples. The depth of damage at the surface of the cemented samples could vary between 0.01 and 0.027 mm depending on the diameter of the damage. For the nitrided surfaces, the depth of damage did not exceed 0.003 mm.The samples' resistance to the fatigue wear (destruction) was determined by tests based on…

Obtaining conical shells by forging is an important and relevant task in energy and heavy engineering. Existing processes of their manufacture come down to simplifying the configuration of such billets. The result is the increased material’s consumption while the internal fiber is cut during machining, which also leads to a decrease in mechanical properties. A new forging technique necessitated a study into the shape change of the billet and the distribution of deformations in the process of rolling. A finite-element method was used to investigate the process of rolling out the step hollow billets. Based on the study results, the forging’s taper was established, obtained during the forging process. A research procedure involving the finite-element method was devised to study the operation of conical shells’ rolling, which made it possible to determine a change in the shape and size of a hollow forging when rolled out by a step tool. A parameter has been proposed to quantify the formation of taper in the process of rolling a billet with a flange. Based on the study results, a…

Based on the review of functional coatings on piston alloys of aluminum, a conclusion was made on the feasibility of using oxide coatings to increase the strength and durability of parts of the piston group of internal combustion engines. It is shown that the synthesis of the oxide layer on alloys of the Al-Si system (silumins) can be carried out by plasma electrolyte treatment in alkaline electrolytes with the addition of salts of dopant metals, in particular cobalt. This will allow to obtain coatings that have activity in the processes of catalytic combustion of fuel. It is proposed to form cobalt-containing oxide coatings on piston alloys by plasma-electrolytic oxidation in the electrolyte of 0.4 mol/dm3 K4P2O7, 0,1 mol/dm3 CoSO4 at current densities of 3–5 A/dm2 in the “decreasing power” mode. It is established that under these conditions during 15 min of oxidation on high-silicon alloys AL30 and AK21 an oxide layer with a content of up to 4.7 at.% Co is formed. The presence of up to 6.4 at.% of phosphorus in the synthesized coating will increase the heat resistance of the…

A comprehensive study of the process of decomposition and segregation of infrastructure project management elements using a mono-template under the influence of changes and safety-oriented management was carried out. The use of project, program and portfolio management tools made it possible to generalize the process of structural decomposition of infrastructure projects and features of segregation of management elements using a mono-template and provisions of safety-oriented management. This is important because of the peculiarities of the formation and planning of infrastructure projects: content, structure requirements and values, among which safety is the key. Thus, a conceptual schematic model of a mono-template in safety-oriented management is developed, which includes three blocks of project management. This made it possible to improve the planning process of infrastructure projects. The schematic model is developed and the application of the filter system of elements and parameters of infrastructure project management in safety-oriented management is proposed. The system…

A cobalt-free perovskite oxide Sm0.5Sr0.5Fe0.8Cr0.2O3-δ (SSFC) has been exploited as a novel cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The cathode model was synthesized with the addition of the chromium element in the B side of the composite metallic oxide system, which was then formed by the solid-state reaction method. The model system was further characterized in detail for getting the properties behavior. The solid-state reaction of the SSFC system was observed through thermal gravimetric analysis. Meanwhile, the structural properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction, and the weight loss was examined by the thermal gravimetric analysis as well. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient was determined by the thermal-mechanical analysis, and the conductivity properties were tested by the thermal conductivity analysis. The result showed that the SSFC cathode demonstrated the crystalline structure based on the design with a perovskite phase. The oxygen content created on the model structure was obtained to be 2.98 after the calcination…

Among the issues related to the disposal of polymers' waste is the design of cheap biodegradable polymeric materials, which are destroyed as a result of natural microbiological and chemical processes. Since the synthesis of biodegradable polymers is characterized by high material and energy costs, the filled biodegradable polymeric materials are more promising.This paper substantiates the feasibility of using marble microparticles as a filler for the biodegradable polymeric material based on high-pressure polyethylene whose decomposition rate increases under the conditions of ultraviolet radiation.Samples of the biodegradable polymeric material with the different content of a filler, the microparticles of marble (from 0 to 5.1 % by weight), were made; their physical-mechanical properties were investigated. It has been experimentally proven that UV radiation destroys polyethylene macromolecules into separate fragments with the formation of >C=O bonds, making it possible to decompose appropriate waste under the influence of sunlight.The feasibility of using the composition…

The existing models, methods, and technologies for managing the gas transmission system of the Republic of Kazakhstan have significantly become outdated. Therefore, during the operation of the gas transmission system, the phenomenon of a gas imbalance occurs. The presence of an imbalance leads to unjustifiably high technical and economic losses, as well as disagreements and disputes between consumers and suppliers of gas in the gas transmission system.To eliminate this problem, the task was set to analyse the features of the AS for data collection, gas metering, and detection of an imbalance and its development, taking into account the identified features of the AS method for determining a gas imbalance and identifying the causes of its occurrence. It was proposed to consider a section of the main gas pipeline as a set of gas supply and consumption systems. A two-sided F-test was used as a general indicator of a gas imbalance at the site and for each element of the gas supply and consumption systems. It was shown that a comparison of the variances of samples for individual elements…

One of the issues related to the fermentation of substrates made from biological raw materials in drum-type reactors is the difficulty of ensuring uniform mixing of their components, which adversely affects the quality of the compost produced.Uniform mixing is achieved if the components of the material are fully dispersed at the free surface of the substrate segment. It was established that in order to fully disperse the particles of the substrate by a descending flow, it is necessary that the particles, which last fall from the blade, should reach the contact point of the drum’s shell and the free surface of the substrate. To describe the established conditions, a mathematical model has been built, which links the equation of the boundary of the blockage of substrate particles in the drum and their fall along a parabolic trajectory. The equations are given to determine the kinematic parameters of the mixing process, provided that the substrate particles are dispersed in the transverse and longitude cross-sections of the drum.The result of solving the differential equations is the…

In this article methods and means of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility were considered, which can be used to reduce the effect of crosstalk between conductors on the device board. We analyzed the causes and mechanism of crosstalk, which can disrupt the correct operation of the device due to a change in the logic level of the signal on the victim conductor due to the effect of crosstalk pickup on it. The simulation of the influence of interference on the signal in the passive line was automated depending with the distance between conductors, the length of the adjacent section of conductors, and conductor materials. For the study, a logical circuit of an electronic device, in particular encoder, and a printed circuit board were built. Experiments were carried out using the following data: conductor thickness of 5, 6 and 1.2 mils, conductor spacing of 5 and 6 mils, adjacent conductor lengths of 4340. 2020, 1620, 1050, 630, 320 and 300 mils, and materials conductors that have different values of specific electrical conductivity: silver (62,500,000 S/m), copper (5950,000 S/m),…

The effect of reduction treatment in a high-temperature (600 °C) hydrogen-containing environment on the microstructure and tendency to brittle fracture of YSZ–NiO(Ni) materials for solid oxide fuel cell anodes has been studied. To assess the crack growth resistance of the ceramics, the Vickers indentation technique was adapted, which allowed estimating the microhardness and fracture toughness of the material in the complex.The requirements for high porosity of the anodes to ensure functional properties show that the strength may be an insufficient characteristic of the bearing capacity of the anode. More structurally sensitive characteristics are needed to assess its crack growth resistance.The average levels of microhardness of YSZ–NiO ceramics in the as-sintered state and YSZ–NiO(Ni) cermets (2.0 GPa and 0.8 GPa, respectively) and their fracture toughness (3.75 MPa·m1/2 and 2.9 MPa·m1/2, respectively) were experimentally determined.It was found that the microstructure of YSZ–NiO(Ni) cermet after redox treatment is formed by a YSZ ceramic skeleton with refined Ni-phase grains…

One of the most promising structural materials in gas turbine engineering is the alloys based on an intermetallide, the type of Ni3Al, with an equiaxial and directional columnar structure. These materials make it possible to increase the working temperature of blades to 1,220 °C. The blades are made by the method of precise casting in a vacuum; in this case, it is necessary to technologically join the nozzle blades into blocks, to fix the signal holes in cooled blades, to correct casting defects.Welding by melting intermetallide materials, as well as other cast heat-resistant nickel alloys (HNA), does not yield positive results. Therefore, various brazing techniques are used such as TLP-Bonding (Transient Liquid Phase Bonding). Filler metals' melting point is lower than that of the main metal. The key issue related to the technology of brazing HNA, including the design of appropriate filler metals, is the improvement of the physical-mechanical and operational properties of brazed joints.This paper reports the established rational doping of a filler metal base, as well as…

This paper reports a study into the impact of cadmium telluride layer thickness on the effectiveness of the CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au film solar cells. The physical mechanisms have been investigated of charge transfer in the CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au solar cells, which are intended for use as a backup power source for the systems of safety and control of objects. This is important because, despite the growing popularity of solar cell application, the effectiveness of laboratory samples differs greatly from the theoretical maximum. Thus, it has been established that the optimum thickness of the base layer of film CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au SCs is 4 µm. When the thickness of the cadmium telluride layer is reduced, the effectiveness of such an assembly decreases. The decrease in efficiency occurs as a result of reducing the shunting electric resistance, increasing the density of a diode saturation current, as well as consistent electric resistance. With the increase in the thickness of the telluride layer exceeding 4 µm, there is also a decrease in the efficiency of a solar cell due to the reduced shunting resistance…

The present-day problem of the accumulation of carbon waste was considered in connection with the aggravating urgency. General tendencies and approximate rational compositions of unprepared polydisperse fractions of mixtures of potential raw materials during their compaction and subsequent thermolysis have been experimentally determined. It was found that with an increase in moisture or binder content, solid carbon waste becomes more plastic and viscous (from 0.6 to 0.4), the coefficient of internal friction decreases. The effect of moisture on the coefficient of external friction is less noticeable (up to a 25 % reduction). It has been determined that preheating of the charge to 80 °C contributes to a decrease in density of the resulting briquettes (on average by 5–6 %) and leads to an increase in the coefficient of elastic expansion. Briquettes, all other things being equal, are 5–10 % stronger but a 1 % increase in strength accounts for a 2 % increase in energy costs. Upon re-compaction, a noticeable change in compression properties occurs. The briquette density increases by an…

This paper reports a study into estimating the impact of dissolved Si and Cr on the crystalline structure, certain mechanical characteristics, and stability of manganese austenite. The theoretical study was based on the first-principle calculations within a density functional theory (DFT) for austenite structures, which were modeled in the form of 2×2×2 superlattices based on a face-centered cubic lattice.Atoms in the model superlattices were arranged considering the experimental results from analyzing the Mossbauer spectrum and the X-ray phase analysis of experimental alloys corresponding to high manganese steels. The superlattices that represented the structure of the alloyed austenite contained the C atom in the central octahedral pore, which, relative to the Si(Cr) and Mn atoms, was located in the first and second coordinating spheres, respectively.The analysis of calculation results reveals that the dissolution of Si and Cr in manganese austenite leads to an increase in the stability of the austenite phase, both according to the results from modeling within the DFT and based on…

This paper reports the principles of building irregular codes with a low density of parity checks. It has been determined that finding irregular finite-length codes with improved characteristics necessitates the optimization of the distributions of powers of the symbol and test vertices of the corresponding Tanner graph. The optimization problem has been stated and the application of a bioinspired approach to solving it has been substantiated. The paper considers the main stages of the bioinspired method to optimize the finite-length irregular codes with a low density of parity checks. It is shown that a given method is based on the combined application of the bioinspired procedure of bats, a special method for building Tanner graphs, and computer simulation.The reported study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimizing irregular codes when using the selected bioinspired procedure and the predefined model of a communication channel.Based on the study results, it has been determined that the optimized relatively short irregular codes with a low density…

Given the need to improve the efficiency of data transfer, there are requirements to ensure their reliability and quality under interference. One way to improve data transfer efficiency is to use noise-resistant codes, which include a closed-form expression of the Fibonacci code, a parity code, and a permanent weight code. The result of applying these types of coding produces interference-resistant end-to-end processing and transmission of information, which is a promising approach to improving the efficiency of telecommunications systems in today's environment. This paper reports the estimation of the error detecting code capability of the Fibonacci code in a closed-form expression, as well as its comparative characteristic with a parity code and a permanent weight code for a binary symmetrical channel without memory. To assess an error detecting capability of the Fibonacci code in a closed-form expression, the probability of Fibonacci code combinations moving to the proper, allowable, and prohibited classes has been determined. The comparative characteristic of the indivisible…

W-based superalloys are widely used as elements of drilling equipment, high-speed steel cutting tools, or penetrators for armor-piercing munitions. Used or broken superalloy products are valuable waste that can be recycled to recover valuable components. The most economically and technologically viable method for recycling superalloy scrap is a selective treatment with the dissolution of the binder metal and the production of non-oxidized tungsten powder. The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of anodic treatment of the VNZh90 superalloy scrap with the selective dissolution of the binder metal. The anodic behavior of the VNZh90 superalloy (5 % Ni, 5 % Fe, 90 % W) in HCl solutions with a concentration (wt %) of 9, 13, 17, and 30 was studied by voltammetry. It was shown that the anodic polarization curves of the alloy contained two dissolution peaks on a fresh surface (Fe and Ni components of the binder metal) with a further decrease in the current density. The effect of significant passivation of the VNZh90 alloy was revealed: repeated polarization curves in a 9 % HCL…

This paper reports a study into the effect of cavitation on the octane number of gas-condensate gasoline with the addition of isopropanol in the amount of 0‒12 % by volume. The papers that confirm the impact of cavitation on the intensification of oil cracking reactions have been analyzed. Cavitation also initiates reactions of interaction between free radicals and alcohols. A laboratory installation scheme has been proposed to investigate the cavitation treatment process on the characteristics of gasoline modified with alcohols. A methodology has been devised for studying the effect of cavitation treatment intensity on the octane number of gasoline. A 0.3‒0.9-point increase in the octane number of gas-condensate gasoline modified with isopropanol was experimentally proven following its cavitation treatment. The effect of the number of cavitation treatment cycles on the octane number indicator has been studied; it is shown that the stable value of an increase in the octane number is achieved over 7‒8 cycles of cavitation treatment at a pressure at the outlet from the nozzle of 9.0…

This paper proposes a theoretically substantiated and universal new method to calculate the three-dimensional stressed-strained state of the statically loaded multi-link orthotropic shell of arbitrary thickness, made of heterogeneous material (a composite). The numerical-analytical RVR method used in this work is based on the Reissner principle, Vekua method, the R-function theory, as well as the algorithm of two-way assessment of the accuracy of approximate solutions to variational problems. In contrast to the classical principles by Lagrange and Castigliano, the application of the mixed variational Reissner principle yields an increase in the accuracy of solving boundary-value problems due to the independent variation of the displacement vector and the stress tensor. Vekua method makes it possible, as a result of expanding the desired functions into a Fourier series based on Legendre polynomials, to replace a solution to the three-dimensional problem with a regular sequence of solutions to the two-dimensional problems in the process of refining the models of shells. The R-function…

The results of the simulation of a multi-element chain of grain supply by the rail and water multimodal route were shown. Mathematical substantiation of the optimization problem was presented. The minimum cargo delivery time was selected as the optimization criterion. The limits for the admissible use (loading) of fleets of transport units of railroad and water transport were selected as optimization constraints. The optimization model is a multi-parametric problem of stochastic programming. The objective function of the model was represented in implicit expression. The search for the solution of the optimization model was performed using experiments with the developed simulation model.The simulation model is based on the discrete-event and agent-based principles, it simulates the interaction of two railroad and one sea transport and technological lines, as well as terminal points of accumulation, storage, and reloading of cargo batches. One ton of wheat grain acts as a part of the cargo module.The simulation model was developed in AnyLogic RE (USA) and Java SE (USA) environments.…

Today, Ukraine and the world face important issues related to solving the problems of the energy sector, including electricity. In networks of different voltages of power systems the level of short-circuit currents is constantly growing, while the requirements for electrical devices, live parts, power transformers and switchgear designs are becoming more stringent. There is a problem of optimal coordination in the dynamics of electrical equipment parameters and power system requirements or coordination of electrical equipment parameters with existing short-circuits current levels. The growth of short-circuit currents in electrical networks of all voltage classes makes it important to develop new effective methods and devices designed to reduce them. The article considers the issues of comparing the current of single-phase and three-phase short-circuit, average regional power system, the integrated parameters of electrical networks of such a system. Limitations of currents of single-phase short-circuits are analyzed in detail in problem nodes where autotransformers are installed. The…

This paper reports the assessment of the detection zone of survey radar stations under a mode of single-place location. The detection zone under this mode significantly depends on the properties of the single-position effective surface of air objects scattering. The assessment of the detection zone of survey radar stations under a mode of the distributed location has been performed. It was established that the dimensions of the detection zone of air objects under a mode of the distributed location depend not only on the characteristics of the transmitting and receiving positions but on the system's geometry and the information combining technique as well. It was established that the size and nature of the detection zones of air objects under a mode of distributed reception depend on the distance to the base line and the degree of suppression of the penetrating signal in the receiving position. The detection zone of survey radar stations was estimated when the modes of single-position and distributed location merge. It was established that the shape of an air object detection zone…

This paper substantiates prolonging the service life of a covered railroad freight car that has exhausted its rated life of operation. In this case, the actual amount of wear of the bearing structure elements, registered during operation, have been taken into consideration. The reported calculations showed that the design service life of the bearing structure of a covered freight car when taking into consideration the extension of operation, is not less than 2 years.Mathematical modeling was carried out to determine the dynamic load on the bearing structure of a covered freight car. It has been established that the maximum accelerations that act on the bearing structure of a covered freight car are 42 m/s2. In order to determine the acceleration distribution fields relative to the bearing structure of a covered freight car, a computer simulation was performed. The calculations showed that the maximum acceleration amounts to 43.2 m/s2 and is concentrated in the middle part of the girder beam. F-criterion was used to verify the dynamic load models.The maximum equivalent stresses of…

The influence of manganese content on the phase composition and mechanical properties of ADI materials after isothermal quenching at temperatures of 310 -380 оС is investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction studies have shown that under these quenching conditions, the content of the martensitic phase increases with an increase in the quenching temperature. It was found that increasing the manganese content increases the amount of residual austenite under the same quenching conditions. This enhances the effect of TRIP on the strengthening process. The consequence is increased level of strengthening in materials with a higher manganese content. It is shown that under the same quenching conditions, ADI with a low Mn content has the highest yield strength, while the hardness is higher for samples with a high content. The different sensitivity of these hardening characteristics to the Mn content is explained by the increased influence of the TRIP effect on the hardening rate at the initial interval of loading curves in materials with higher manganese content. Instead, such materials…