The 50 most-cited articles in Journal watch, 2021

Identifying patients at excess risk for severe COVID-19 is critical for devising treatment strategies (particularly those involving immune modulation)

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that pregnant women be screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after 24 weeks of

Risk factors for hepatitis A (hep A) acquisition include illicit drug use (injection and noninjection), homelessness, and being among the population of

Because COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective and safe, the epidemic appears to be waning in the U.S.; thus, the CDC recently loosened the

An initial CDC report detailed adverse reactions (including anaphylaxis) during the first 10 days of administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have replaced warfarin as the anticoagulant of choice in most clinical situations. However, warfarin has remained as

Every 10 years, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) conducts its Professional Life Survey, most recently administered in 2015. Using those data,

Diabetes, both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), are among the most serious chronic conditions in children and teens. The Search for Diabetes in Youth

Adverse effects represent the flip side of efficacy for drugs and vaccines — and this side of the coin is particularly significant when millions of

As more of the world's population becomes vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, understanding the characteristics of breakthrough COVID-19 assumes greater

Neuromuscular complications have been reported in patients with COVID-19, but the effect of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) on nerves and

There is much recent attention on the occurrence of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination. Two recent case series provide new data.In one study,

In 2016, three children in California developed severe maxillofacial infections that failed to respond to standard antibiotic therapy. After one

Antifungals with novel mechanisms of action have not emerged in the two decades since the echinocandins were developed in 2001. Therefore, the recent

Although the acute features of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS; also known as multisystem

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been touted as an adjunct to or replacement for opioid medications for pain control in the

Three highly effective COVID-19 vaccines are available in the U.S. currently. Their increasing use has made a dramatic difference in the morbidity and

Most data on use and misuse of antibiotics come from outpatient or acute care inpatient settings. Nursing homes often lack the usual pharmacy

Weight gain after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a common concern among persons living with HIV (PWH). Although initially characterized as

The 2017 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis do not include the optic nerve as a site for dissemination in space (DIS).

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer is increasingly being adopted globally based on clinical trials demonstrating equivalent oncologic outcomes

Patients with hip osteoarthritis sometimes receive intra-articular steroid injections to relieve pain, but some reports have suggested that these

When COVID-19 vaccines were first authorized, administration of other vaccines was generally separated by at least 2 weeks. As experience accumulated,

Assessment of fractional flow reserve with pressure wire–based physiologic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves clinical

Concerns about preventing infection — as well as other stresses on the health care system due to the COVID-19 pandemic — have prompted innovative

Most studies of psychiatric disorders associated with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are in adults. Pediatric studies are small and confined

Multiple U.S. guidelines recommend lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to below 70 mg/dL in patients with high-risk atherosclerotic

Small studies have shown an association between mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia and an increased risk for cardiovascular events. To evaluate

Respiratory complications (e.g., hypoxemia, pneumonia) are common after abdominal surgery and are thought to be related to postoperative atelectasis.

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, an indicator of astrogliosis, could be a biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). In this study,

After minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), secondary prevention efforts typically focus on preventing recurrent cerebrovascular events.

Agitation in dementia can be challenging. Researchers in the parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center Study of Mirtazapine for

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is an enzyme that converts levodopa to dopamine. As Parkinson disease (PD) progresses, loss of nigrostriatal

Loss of smell (anosmia) was recognized as a symptom early in the COVID-19 pandemic, yet its mechanism remains unknown almost 2 years later. Khan et al.

While COVID-19 vaccination reduces incidence, severity, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, more-detailed information is lacking regarding the

Peppermint oil (active ingredient, L-menthol) has antispasmodic properties that could provide therapeutic benefit for patients with irritable bowel

As the COVID-19 vaccine becomes available for additional pediatric age ranges, understanding why parents might choose or decline vaccination for their

Blood pressure (BP) lowering helps prevent vascular complications of diabetes, but does it help prevent onset of diabetes? Randomized trials of drug

In clinical trials, pulmonary rehabilitation lowers risk for readmission following hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to healthcare workers has occurred despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Researchers in the

There is interest in how COVID-19 is affecting the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. In the current retrospective study, researchers used a

Although many COVID-19 prognostic scores have been developed, comparative external validation and comparison with established scores for pneumonia or

High cure rates are achieved in adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) using combined all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide,

The hard-won demonstrations of efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for ischemic stroke in pivotal

Children younger than 18 years account for an increasing proportion of COVID-19 cases in the U.S., where >700 children have died since the pandemic

The approval of sotorasib earlier this year was felt to be a watershed moment in cancer therapeutics, primarily because KRAS was considered an

Only two people have ever been cured of HIV, both of whom had hematologic malignancies for which they received stem cell transplants from donors

Major aims in the treatment of hemophilia A include reducing bleeding events, avoiding severe arthropathy, and improving quality of life. Among the

One of the most heartening advances in the management of COVID-19 is the development of monoclonal antibody preparations that effectively lower risk

Studies with various limitations generally have shown that high sodium intake and low potassium intake are associated with higher risk for hypertension