The 50 most-cited articles in Journal watch, 2019

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for 80% to 90% of all cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide. Recovery often occurs in weeks to

Although systemic therapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer has improved, overall survival (OS) is still less than 1 year, and no targeted or

On July 17, 2019, the U.S. FDA announced approval of a combination antibiotic, imipenem-cilastatin/relebactam (IMI-REL; brand name, Recarbrio), to

Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but although there are cheap and readily available therapies,

High rates of unplanned readmissions after hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and some countries' policies to strengthen financial accountability

Sponsoring Organization: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)Target Audience: Women's healthcare providersBackgroundPeripartum depression

The fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics has been a cornerstone of antimicrobial therapy for decades. Over the past 10 years, the U.S. Food and Drug

A central tenet in infectious disease is that complicated orthopedic infections require at least 4 to 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy;

Sponsoring Organization: American Gastroenterological Association InstituteTarget Audience: Gastroenterologists, primary care providersTarget

Guidelines for managing pain in knee osteoarthritis are wide-ranging and focus mostly on short-term outcomes. Researchers conducted this network

Rocuronium and succinylcholine are the most commonly used paralytics in rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in U.S. emergency departments (EDs). Some

Sponsoring Organizations: American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, Infectious Diseases

To measure the perinatal impact of Hurricane Harvey, investigators at two hospitals in Houston assessed outcomes in 3842 women who delivered within 280

Some patients with chronic low back pain have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal changes in the vertebral bone marrow known as “Modic changes,”

To explore whether positive family relationships may protect against the development of depression, researchers analyzed data from the National

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with externalizing and risk-taking behaviors, including early sexual activity,

On August 19, the U.S. FDA announced its approval of lefamulin (Xenleta) for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). The drug

Focused computed tomography (CT) is commonly performed in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after nontraumatic cardiac arrest to

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees (people forced to migrate because of persecution, armed conflict, violence, or public

Treatment of heart failure (HF) has evolved unevenly, with marked advances for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but little progress for HF

Patients with chronic disease have a higher prevalence of comorbid mental illness than do other patients. To evaluate the healthcare costs associated

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a commonly used prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease risk and outcomes. Investigators used

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) provide important clinical benefits for many patients. However, observational studies have suggested an association

Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of atypical antipsychotics generally do not include patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS; defined

Craving and executive function are regulated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and influence relapse risk. Repetitive transcranial magnetic

Recent meta-analyses of randomized trials, including a Cochrane review (NEJM JW Hosp Med May 2018 and Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 12:CD007720),

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is known to be associated with poor patient outcomes, especially for patients with high acuity or unstable

Clinicians often screen at-risk patients for impaired executive functioning and inquire about their abilities to perform activities of daily living

Current guidelines recommend that intravenous (IV) alteplase should only be administered for patients with acute stroke who meet criteria and can be

Real-time patient access to providers through video visits (telemedicine) could lower barriers to healthcare (e.g., transportation, child care, need

Sponsoring Organizations: American Society of Hematology (ASH) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)BackgroundGiven the excess risks for

The growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has increased the visibility and acceptability of nonsurgical brain stimulation

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) leads to changes in clinical management in nearly two thirds of patients with mild cognitive impairment or

Sponsoring Organization: American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE)Background and ObjectiveThe ASGE has updated its 2011 guideline on the

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by JC virus and is associated with cancers and immunosuppressive therapies. PML has no

Sponsoring Organizations: American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA)BackgroundA new guideline covers virtually all

The acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, invented more than 100 years ago, is still employed for diagnosing active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, AFB

In the manufacturer-sponsored MOMENTUM-3 trial, investigators enrolled patients with advanced heart failure who were deemed eligible for a left

In the past decade, U.S. clinicians have been urged to rethink their opioid prescribing practices; the Centers for Disease Control issued formal

Hashimoto disease is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that afflicts women more commonly than men. To determine whether thyroidectomy benefits patients

At this year's Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, held January 17–19 in San Francisco, investigators discussed the latest findings in gastrointestinal

Emergency medical services (EMS) is often the first link in the chain of survival for time-critical injury and illness, and trauma systems of care

Prior studies have shown that anticoagulation is indicated for noncirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), but the efficacy and safety of

Although children with medical complexity (CMC) represent <1% of the U.S. pediatric population, their medical care needs account for 33% of U.S.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a major treatment option for patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but its efficacy

Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) with MitraClip was FDA-approved in 2013. To assess the association between operator experience and procedural

Current U.S. gastroenterology society guidelines recommend the performance of early colonoscopy (within 24 hours) in patients hospitalized for acute

The role of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial, and few data exist on potential differences

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are increasingly requiring creativity to achieve successful treatments. One approach is reexamining drugs that are

More than 1300 cases of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette, or vaping) product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) have been reported, and now we have