The 100 most-cited articles in International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2018

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies attract tremendous attention in recent researches. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an active area of academic and, more significantly, applied research in nanotechnology. Materials scientists and engineers have made significant developments in the improvement of methods of synthesis of nanomaterials. In this review various methods of preparing nanomaterials including chemical methods like Chemical reduction method, Micro emulsion/colloidal method, Sono chemical method, Electrochemical method, Solvo thermal decomposition, and Physical methods like Pulse laser ablation, Mechanical/High ball milling method, ball milling method, Mechanical chemical synthesis, Pulsed wire discharge method are discussed in detail.

Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is the quantitative and qualitative method, problem has many solution but to find the solution and to get the appropriate decision regarding the solution is the application of MCDM. This paper gives the information about all the MCDM methods with the applications of maximum MCDM methods to various fields as per the literature. The aim is revel MCDM methods and their applications to understand the nature of MCDM for various problems. The utilization of MCDM to other field gives an idea for the new research area. The review helps to find the problems studied by different researcher and the solution they interpreted by using MCDM methods like ELECTRA, PROMETHEE, TOPSIS, AHP,GP etc. AHP, TOPSIS, MAUT were the most used methods but hybrid or integrated methods gives the solution for problem like location, finance, bankrupt, construction bridges, waste water and many more. This combination creates the new era in MCDM history.

Water is the most simple structure block of human life or Fresh water is essential for human health.The use of pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture has grown dramatically over the past many year to contaminated water. Environmental exposure of humans to pesticide is common effects in acute and chronic health effects, including acute and chronic neurotoxicity (insecticides, fungicides, fumigants), lung damage (paraquat), chemical burns (anhydrous ammonia), and infant methemoglobinemia (nitrate in groundwater). A variety of cancers also have been linked to exposure to various pesticides, particularly hematopoietic cancers. Immunologic abnormalities and adverse reproductive and developmental effects due to pesticides also have been reported. The health effects associated with pesticides do not appear to be restricted to only a few chemical classes. Therefore, enhanced efforts are needed to control or eliminate human exposures wherever possible. Research also is needed to better characterize and quantitate the adverse effects of agrichemicals on human health.

As we know that the soil is the most important component of earth ecosystem, which has four key functions: it is a means for the growth of plants, is a means of storage, supply and purification of water, is a modifier of the earth's atmosphere. Soils can be infected by the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids through the emissions of industrial waste, elimination of high quality metal waste, application of soil fertilizers, sludge purification, pesticides, sewage irrigation, coal combustion residues, petrochemical spills and atmospheric storage. Even though heavy metals are naturally found in the soil, geological and anthropogenic activities increase the concentration of heavy metals in harmful quantities which is dangerous for both plants and animals. In forensic science heavy metal analysis of soil Heavy metal is providing a unique fingerprint of any soil. The goal of this study will to determine if there is a correlation between land use type and concentrations of heavy metals in soil and characterisation of soil.Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is a technique which is…

One of main source of income in of India is Agriculture.The production rate of crops in agriculture is based on various parameters like temperature, humidity, rain, etc.Which are natural factors and not in farmers control.The field of agriculture is also depends on some of factors like pests, disease, fertilizers, etc which can be control by giving proper treatment to crops.Pesticides may increase the productivity of crops but it also affects on human health.So the main aim of this paper is to design agriculture drone for spraying pesticides.In this paper, we are going to discus different architecture based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The use of pesticides in agriculture is very important to agriculture and it will be so easy if will use intelligent machines such as robots using new technologies.This paper gives the idea about various technologies used to reduce human efforts in various operations of agriculture like detection of presence of pests, spraying of UREA, spraying of fertilizers, etc.This paper describes the development of quad copter UAV and the spraying…

An image is a two-dimensional function with a collection of information and is degraded due to the occurrence of noises during image acquisition process, transmission & reception, storage & retrieval processes of the image results in degradation in the visual quality of an image. So the information associated with an image tends to lose or damage. It must be crucial to repair the photograph from noises for obtaining most data from a picture. Picture denoising is a vital pre-processing venture earlier than in addition processing of image like segmentation, feature extraction, texture analysis and so on. The reason of denoising is to get rid of the noise even as retaining the edges and different exact functions as lots as feasible. In this paper, we can see how different types of noise will affect the quality of the images and the information in images. As a remedy, the pleasant and the facts from the noised picture may be retrieved by the use of exclusive styles of filters. On this work gaussian noise, impulsive noise, speckle noise, and poisson noise are being considered and it is…

Peach has many anti-disease properties such as anticancer, anti-allergic, antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory.Beside this , it has high nutritive value so important for Human nutrition.It is a fast growing evergreen tree which is found in India, Spain and China.This review gives a sharp view onits origin, morphology, biological activity, medicinal uses and its different application for the wellness of mankind.

Concept of thermoelectric (TE) energy makes it unique because of reversible energy conversion, e.g. from thermal to electrical and vice-versa. Seebeck and Peltier effects are base of all TE energy applications. Thermoelectricity has wide range of applications due to reversible energy conversion. In recent years, with technology development and global warming issues TE devices come into use in various applications because of its eco-friendly feature and distinct advantages. The thermoelectric energy has a vast range of applications in various fields like; electricity generation, refrigeration, air conditioning, particular heating/cooling, biomedical devices etc. due to its simple construction and mechanism, portability, require DC supply to run etc. This research paper thoroughly reviews the recent development and research work carried out by many researchers on thermoelectric energy applications in areas such as; power generation, refrigeration, electronic device cooling, automobile air conditioning & systems cooling, air cooling, medical field applications etc.

In the field of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes are the one of the most unique invention and carbon nanotubes are significant material for future.It has been discovered in 1991, because of its huge production they have attracted many industries and companies towards itself.Carbon nanotubes are used in nanotechnology, membranes, capacitors, polymers, metallic surfaces, ceramics, nanomedicine etc.The main motive of this paper is to highlight synthesis, properties and toxic effects of carbon nanotube.

Nano precursor of aluminium hydroxide was synthesized by Co-Precipitation method from aluminium sulphate and sodium carbonate. nanoparticles were prepared by calcinations of the precursor at 500 o C for 5 h in an oven. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Building cracks are most common type of problem in any type of building.So, it is important to understand the cause and the measures to be taken for prevention.Some faulty steps during construction and some unavoidable reasons different type of cracks starts to appear on various structural and non-structural parts of the building.So, timely identification of such cracks and adopting preventive measure are essential.Though cracks in concrete cannot be prevented entirely but they can be controlled by using adequate material and technique of construction and considering design criteria.Structural cracks are the one whose inherent cause lies in either in incorrect design, or faulty construction or overloading and are the one which can endanger the safety of a given structure.On the other hand, the non-structural cracks are the one which have the underlying origin due to moisture or thermal fluctuations, elastic deformation, creep, chemical reaction, or reason related to the foundation soil such as it movement or settlement or unhindered vegetation.Non-structural cracks are mostly due to…

Visual merchandising has been over the years thought to be marketing tool in retail industries. The researchers embarked upon a study to find the impact of visual merchandising with reference to the retail sector. For this they have taken the reliance trends as a case and has done an in depth study using its sample customers to find the impact of their buying behavior. The research was of a descriptive in nature and helped to develop the concept to clearly establish priorities, to divulge adequate information which the researchers feel will help in decision making for the company. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information and to assess the impact of visual merchandising, on impulse buying behavior of customers. A random sampling technique was used in the study and care was taken that the respondents were as diversified as possible. A sample size of 100 respondents was taken from Cochin and Kottayam. To draw conclusions easily, the data was converted into XY (Scatter) diagrams. Research findings suggest that impulse buying accounts for substantial sales across a broad…

A greenhouse is a structure made mainly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants are grown in a controlled environment.Traditional method of monitoring greenhouse involves human labour and is time consuming.The proposed system uses the concept of IOT (Internet of Things) and is much more efficient.The greenhouse environmental parameters are continuously sensed using various sensors and the collected data is displayed on a customized website.Thus, the greenhouse can be monitored from anywhere and at any time.The variation in individual sensor's data over time can be graphically plotted for improved monitoring and analysis.

India is predominantly an farming country.Indian soil is classified into two diverse types North Indian Soil and South Indian soil.We have separated it into two basically dissimilar sets are north Indian soil and South Indian Soil.North Indian Soil is the Northern India plains are habitually created of deep alluvial soil.The top soil varies in surface from sand to clay, the larger part being light loam, leaky in texture, simply worked and in nature fruitful.South Indian soil is the Southern India peninsular earth plane is prepared up of hills and river valleys.Hilly tracts are naturally not fitting for farming, some moorland are very warm [Prakash,2015] . The objective of this work is to classify soil types by their characteristics and fertility, predict soil types through classification technique like naïve bayes and also compared this classification technique to among classification technique like zeroR and stacking. This research goal is to judge new data mining techniques apply on soil database for classification of soil and in addition contrast the naïve bayes classifier to…

Eco-friendly synthesis of aluminium oxide nanoparticles was achieved by a novel, facile green route method using aerva lanta and terminalia chebula as a reducing agent.Aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 ) were synthesized from aluminium nitrate using extracts of aerva lanta leaves and terminalia chebula seeds.Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and rate of synthesis is faster than that in other organisms.The present investigation was carried out to green synthesis of alumina nanoparticles by using medicinal plants.Deionised Water was taken as solvent medium.The formations of AlNP were initially monitored by the colour changes occurring in the reaction mixture during the incubation period. The successful formation of alumina nanoparticles has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible, FTIR and FE-SEM analysis. The X-ray diffraction data revealed the average size of the Al-NPs as 70 nm.The AlNP were found to be spherical agglomeration in shape in case of aerva lanta leaves extract with a size of 50-70 nm and to be spherical shaped in case of terminalia chebula…

In present generation grass cutter machines are becoming very popular today.Pollution is manmade, which we can be seen in our daily life.In old model of grass cutter IC engine was used and hence because of its environmental impact, pollution level rises.IC engine driven cutter is more costly.Maintenance of such conventional machine is more.To avoid these drawbacks, we plan to build new type of grass cutter which runs on solar energy and this model is economical compared to previous one.The aim of our project is to make the grass cutter which operates on solar energy, hence save the electricity and reduces manpower.In this project we use 8051 microcontroller for controlling the operations of a grass cutter.Also the grass cutter has Ultra sonic sensor for obstacle detection.Grass cutter operates automatically hence it does not require skilled person to operate.

The College Enquiry Chatbot project is built using Microsoft Bot Builder, LUIS.ai and MongoDB for database[3]. This System is a web application which provides answer to the query of the student[2]. Students just have to query to the bot and bot will answer to student question[1]. Students can ask questions using any English text format[1]. There is no specific format the user has to follow[2]. The System uses built in Artificial Intelligence to answer the query provided by LUIS.ai. The system replies using an effective Graphical User Interface which implies that as if a real person is talking to the user[4]. First, bot will send query to the LUIS.ai. LUIS.ai will send its response to bot after that bot will fetch value from database and then give answer to user question[2].

IOT devices is used in many fields which make the user's daily life more comfortable.These smart sensors devices is used to collect heartbeat which is used to assess the health condition of the patient.Communicating the collected information to the doctor, making exact decision on the data collected and notifying the patient is the challenging task in the IOT.This paper will give you a comparative study on health detection and monitoring of the patient.

Chatbot's usually give a text based computer program, permitting the user to kind commands and receive text likewise as text to speech response.Chat bots are usually stateful services, remembering previous commands in order to provide functionality.Chatbot's are software agents that interact with the user in a conversation.Customer just have to put their query to the bot which is used for chatting.The system will use the artificial intelligence methods to give appropriate answers to the user.If the answer is found invalid, then some system to declare the answer as invalid can be incorporated.These invalid answers can be deleted or modified by the admin of the system.Artificial algorithms that analyzes user's queries and understand user's message.One of the most popular languages for the definition of a Chatbot knowledge base is artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML).The main goal of their Creation was to resemble a human being in the way they perform said interaction, trying to make the user think He/she is writing to another human being.This has been implemented with…

In pursuit of lightweight materials with improved properties for various applications has been created, a new class of material family known as Metal Matrix Composites (MMC). On account of the excellent physical, mechanical and development properties of composite materials, they are applied widely in aircraft technology, automotive, defense, electronics and Space applications. Researchers are doing lots of work in the field of production technologies of MMC which has brought down their cost to an acceptable level. This is due to the significant advances in the development of fabrication routes of MMC. This paper aims both to summaries the present application status and the fabrication methods currently employed in the production of various Metal Matrix Composites, Index Terms: Applications of MMC, Production methods of MMC, Metal Matrix Composites.I.

This review introduces an overview of importance of humidity, methods of their measurement. It gives Detailed description of humidity sensors; their types and properties have been discussed. It explains role of humidity in human life and need of humidity. It also deals with the experimental techniques for the development of humidity sensors and the water adsorption mechanism. Humidity sensors such as resistive type, optical, and ceramic humidity sensors etc. have been described.

Our life is very precious and water is one of the most important natural resource for the existence of our life.For the last two decades; there is an increased interest in the study of nitrate in the ground water .Earlier the nitrate concentration in the ground water was very low nearly 5ppm.However due to pollution the nitrate concentration in the water has increased considerably.In the environment, nitrogen is found in different forms like Nitrate (No3-), Nitrite (No2-), and Ammonia (NH3) and Nitrogen gas (N2).Nitrate pollution of water is mainly due to excessive use of fertilizers, human sewage and livestock manure.Nitrates presence in the potable water beyond permissible limits is the major issue today for the people living in the western Rajasthan.It is affecting their health badly.Infants, less than six months can be victim of nitrate poisoning "Methemoglobinemia".(blue baby syndrome), Beside this gastric cancer , hypothyroidism, ,hormonal imbalance disorder, birth malformations and growing hypertension in the human beings is also attributed to the increased concentration of…

Nanocomposites of TiO 2 , TiO 2 /PAni and TiO 2 /PAni/GO were prepared by in situ oxidation polymerization method.The prepared TiO 2 , TiO 2 /PAni and TiO 2 /PAni/GO Nanocomposites were characterized by the XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, UV-Vis, FTIR, Band gap energy and Photolumiscence.The XRD confirmed the presence of Anatase and rutile phase in the prepared photocatalysts.The average particle size was found 68, 15 and 12 nm for TiO 2, TiO 2 /PAni and TiO 2 /PAni/GO respectively.The SEM and TEM images also confirmed the formation of nanocomposites in the range of ~ 100 nm.The surface area 37.52, 76.68 and 96.24m 2 /g were observed for TiO 2 , TiO 2 /PAni and TiO 2 /PAni/GO Nanocomposites respectively.The Band gap energy of TiO 2, TiO 2 /PAni and TiO 2 /PAni/GO were calculated by talc plot and obtained 3.0, 2.98 and 1.76 eV respectively.The Photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal dye was done at different condition viz concentration of dye, time of illumination, pH and dose of photocatalyst.The maximum photo degradation were found at neutral pH, 6.25 ppm concentration of dye solution, 800…

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process which produces welds due to the compressive force contact of work pieces which are either rotating or moving relative to each other. The heat required to join different specimens is generated by heating due to friction at the interface. Application of Friction Stir Welding in aerospace industries is very broad. Rolls-Royce now uses friction welding processes for its modern Trent aero engines that drive the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787.In this paper, Friction StirWelding of various dissimilar metals are reviewed.The microstructure, hardness and flow characteristics are also reviewed.

Recognition is one of the main areas in computer vision, it yields high-level understanding by computers, one of the most important areas in recognition is object recognition which is the process of finding a specific object in an image or video sequence [16]. This paper is purposing the glimpse of the recognition of a particular vegetable[17].This is being implemented on the TensorFlow platform, which is making use of OpenCV as the main library database.TensorFlow [20] algorithm uses tensor as its basic unit of information.Firstly the given frame is converted into an image and differentiated into cubical parts from which the features are extracted, so to converged it into the data set[3].Such data sets are encapsulated from every cubical unit, emerged as the whole bunch of values after traversing thoroughly through given frame.Having these values, the certain frame is categorized into one of the sets of images provided, at the conclusion side percentage-wise isolation of objects is done, and here the vegetables are being identified and corresponding action should be executed…

In the present study, the leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz were extracted by various organic solvents viz. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine their chemical composition and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract displayed squalene (10.25%), 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (9.01%), phytol (8.71%) and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (8.33%) as major compounds. The major compounds present in the chloroform extract were β-amyrin (12.70%), phytol (11.35%), 1,4-methanoazulen-9-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8atetramethyl-,[1R-(1α,3aβ,4α,8aβ,9S*)]-(10.98%), 6β-Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, 5β-iodomethyl-1β-isopropenyl-4α,5α-dimethyl-, (9.40%) and humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol (8.53%).In ethyl acetate extract, squalene (16.39%), 9,11-dimethyltetracyclo [7.3.1.0(2.7).1(7.11)]tetradecane(12.01%) and humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol (9.58%) were reported as major compounds.The total phenolic content for hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was 5.35 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g, 7.52 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g and 13.47 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g, respectively.Whereas the total…

5G wireless network technologies is one of the most important leading technologies in mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G/IMT-Advanced standards.The generations From 1G to 5G the world has seen a lot of technology developments including improved performance and constant growth with day to day.This paper is about preceding generation technology.5g technology services like Documentation, supporting electronic transactions and etc.In 5G researches are being made on the improvement of World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW).5gtechnology offers a many features, which are beneficial for all groups of people.It has some disadvantages like a radio signal problems.I.

Electrical diagram is foundation in electrical science. A circuit diagram pass on numerous data about the framework.Behind any gadget there are a lot of electrical fixings which play out their particular tasks, today all the electrical programming instruments neglected to successfully change over the data naturally from a circuit picture diagram to computerized shape.Henceforth electrical designers ought to physically enter all data into PCs, and this procedure requires some investment and carry mistakes with high likelihood.Besides, when the diagram is hand drawn, the issue is more convoluted for any electrical investigation.Accordingly, in this paper we propose another strategy utilizing K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) to make a machine that can straightforwardly read the electrical images from a hand drawn circuit picture.

In today's global market, companies are looking for growth and opportunities to reduce their total cost and management of companies would like to increase quality, efficiency and capability without increasing their investment. The success of many businesses is related to their ability to provide goods and services at right time and in right place. Different organization adopt different inventory control methods to manage their inventory to avoid stock-out and overstock. In this paper a case study of a company in Vasai, Maharashtra is considered. For this study the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) technique of inventory management is considered. In this company inventory management is not proper which causes overstock and sometimes stock-out. In this paper inventory management technique is considered and costs are calculated to compare two methods, one is used by this company and other is recommended model.

In machine learning, pattern recognition and in image processing, feature extraction starts from an initial set of measured data and builds derived values (features) intended to be informative and non-redundant, facilitating the subsequent learning and generalization steps, and in some cases leading to better human interpretations. Feature extraction is related to dimensionality reduction. When the input data to an algorithm is too large to be processed and it is suspected to be redundant then it can be transformed into a reduced set of features (also named a feature vector). Determining a subset of the initial features is called feature selection. The selected features are expected to contain the relevant information from the input data, so that the desired task can be performed by using this reduced representation instead of the complete initial data. Feature extraction involves reducing the amount of resources required to describe a large set of data. When performing analysis of complex data one of the major problems stems from the number of variables involved. Analysis with a…

A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact without mixing of the fluids.As heat exchangers are used in many applications, the efficient heat exchangers have tremendous demand from industries.Since global industrialization, efforts have been made to increase the heat transfer, increase the rate of heat transfer, minimize size of heat exchangers, and mainly increase the effectiveness.Enhancing the heat transfer by the use of helical coils has been studied and researched by many researchers, because of the fluid dynamics inside the pipes of a helical coil heat exchanger.The centrifugal force due to the curvature of the tube results in the secondary flow development.The curvature of the coil governs the centrifugal force while the pitch or helix angle influences the torsion subjected to the fluid.Due to the curvature effect, the fluid streams in the outer side of the pipe moves faster than the fluid streams…

To develop a recommendation system for modern agriculture Big Data is a vastly evolved technology in computer engineering that can be used in various domains like agriculture, medicines and retails etc.By using this big data more number of previous data can be found and from that a new system can be developed which can act as a predictive system.Agriculture is the important factor of economy in India and till now many of the methods followed by agriculture is outdated ,by using newest rends IOT, data mining and big data which plays an important in developing a new technology to improvise the agriculture field and make the usage simpler and economic

This paper presents the specific application of wireless communication, Automotive Wireless Communication also called as Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication. The paper first gives an introduction to the Automotive Wireless Communication. It explains the technology used for Automotive Wireless Communication along with the various automotive applications relying on wireless communication. Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication is the wireless transmission of data between motor vehicles in a real time. The main aim of V2V communication is to prevent accidents by allowing vehicles in transit to send position and speed data to one another. The vehicle's driver may simply receive a warning should there be a risk of an accident or the vehicle itself may take preemptive actions as braking to slow down.

Nano precursor of bismuth ferrite oxide was synthesized by Sol-Gel method from bismuth and ferrite. BiFeO 3 nanoparticle was prepared by calcination of the precursor at 600 o C for 4 h in Muffle Chamber. The synthesized sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).

In today's world, Data mining in the field of education is utmost important to do predict the performance of student. Education is the Power and by predicting performance in education by considering relevant parameters we would be able to work onthe weaknesses of student at right time by using right pedagogies and approaches.Different aspects are evaluated like social, economic, personal, cultural, geographical, institute environment and other in education research study.Such aspects may either help a student in shining during academic period or halt academic program.Such failure is known as drop-out.Data mining algorithm helps in finding those factors; that are mostly contributing the student's performance.In our research we are going to use the machine learning approach or machine learning classification models to predict student academic performance and that can fit in Educational data mining.In our research study, we would like to predict performance and compare the results of these prediction models .In this research, we would also discuss how a these machine learning models…

At present world of science and robots, there are still some fields of work where human tends to risk their life.A major precaution to be taken in any medium of work any establishment is safety.It is our turn to create a Machine which is capable of reducing human life at risk in work and increase in efficiency of work.Today fire accidents are very common in every degree of latitude and longitude of human survival Humans, the fireman tends to keep his life at risk and secure the people life or loss occurred.It is not that easy for a normal human to work in temperature of 100 's degree for hours of time.Here comes the main motto of the project which is used to increase the efficiency of the work done and reduce manpower and human effort.The title itself judges the project " WIRELESS FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT VEHICLE" the total is setup is wireless controlled using RF frequency with a microcontroller which has enough data stored in it and motor drivers for the directional motion of the vehicle and tilt pan of the outlet motor.The relay for water pump to activate and deactivate.Finally, a…

Construction industry deserves the second largest one in India.The infrastructure growth of a country depends on the development of construction industry since it teems with ample employment potential.Implementation of infrastructure projects are usually failing in each stage and ultimately failure occur, which leads to cost and time overrun.The innovation of new technology in the construction field is not being adopted in project implementation.So the growth of construction industry is slow.The real problem is construction become difficult since it will not complete with in the budget cost and time and finally leads to project failure as end result.There are many reasons for project failure and some of them are project specific.Studies have indicated that materials constitute about 60% of the total project cost, and control 80% of the project schedule.Hence material has a dominating role in construction.If the material has controlled dynamically the total project cost would be reduced.In this regard, a research methodology has developed to control the material procurement and…

Environmental sustainability is one of the most important concerns as it decides the life span of our Earth.Transport sector ids second largest in emitting carbon into environment.This is right time to go for an alternative (electric cars), understanding the potential buyers awareness about the environment friendly electric cars and their perception level towards various features offered by electric cars will help in formulating the campaigns by manufacturers and Government as well.

The human ear can be damaged by excessive noise levels.Noise can arise from a variety of occupational/recreational sources causing tinnitus, hearing loss and hyperacusis.The use of different types of earphones for entertainment has become very common/fashionable among our youths.objective: -To assess the prevalence of use of earphones for entertainment and the health impacts of earphones and headphones on student lives in Chandigarh.methodology: A Cross-sectional Study was conducted through random sampling during January-February 2018 in Students lives in Chandigarh. 100 students from Chandigarh who are using earphones or headphones from past five years or more were included in the study.DATA collection Methods and analysis: The pre-structured questionnaire with multiple choice questions were used to collect data from the participants after taking their consent.An analysis was done by using Excel and SPSS software.

Fingerprint Recognition (FPR) Systems are an automatic system that confirms the identity of a person or verifies the person based on fingerprint patterns or features. The analysis of finger for matching purposes is done by comparing extracted features from fingerprints. This paper presents the basic steps used in FPR system, various matching techniques, identification keys and challenges in fingerprint recognition system. An overview is provided for research and development in the field of FPR system.

Data mining techniques can be applied in various fields such as Information Retrieval, Business analytics, Medicine and many more.This paper deals with medical field which mainly focuses on liver disease diagnoses.The aim of this study is to implement different classification algorithms on Indian Liver Patient Dataset (ILPD) using WEKA in order to get proper prediction of liver disorders.Feature selection is carried out on the dataset.Pre-processing is carried out to pre-process and cluster the data.K means clustering algorithm is used for pre-processing the data.The clustered data is further applied to various classification algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Ada Boost, J48, Bagging and Random Forest.A comparison is carried out considering performance measures such as Accuracy, Error rate, Precision, Recall and F measure.On the basis of comparison, the results are concluded.Random Forest algorithm provides best performance among all.

In the present investigation Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is used as replacement to cement by weight. The GGBS is used as partial replacement for cement in the concrete mix with particles in the range of 125-250µm, 90-125µm, 45-90µm, 20-45µm and <20µm. The dosage of GGBS is varied from 10% to 40% at an increment of 10% to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete along with microstructural analysis of concrete. The microstructural study is carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).The two main compounds observed in the study are Silica and Calcium, their consumptions before and after the pozzolonic reactions. The optimum compressive strength is observed for <20 µm size particles at 20% replacement level and it is also observed that the consumption of calcium is more for the above said replacement.

The proposed system aims at assisting people with physical disabilities and old aged people who are not able to move independently because of their weakness.The proposed system allows the handicapped people to live their life independently to an extent.Voice recognition technology is a new way of human interaction with machine.This project uses voice recognition for the controlling of wheelchair.It uses the voice recognition module which is interfaced with motors to take input commands from the user and move the wheelchair.Also, the proposed system is interfaced to control the wheelchair using the android app which is used in smartphone.An Arduino microcontroller circuit and DC motors are used for the movement of wheel chair and IR Sensors to detect any obstacles present in the way of direction.

The exponential growth of waste materials due to rapid urbanization has put immense pressure on our environment.Improper handling and disposal of waste materials has polluted our ground water and land resources.Therefore, it is imperative that we examine the process of waste collection, segregation and automation for better management of the waste materials. This paper provides a solution that can detect, identify and segregate waste items into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories without any human assistance. The waste segregator is a centrally partitioned movable bin that travels in the area of interest and picks up any waste item in its path. This work is an integration of machine learning concept, Image processing and embedded application using Raspberry Pi. The robotic arm places the object on a rotating flap attached over the two compartments. Machine Learning is used to identify the category of the waste item. The proposed system does not use any sensors and is totally based on training hardware using artificial intelligence. The waste item is then dropped into its…

Planetary gear is widely used in many sectors of industries.Gears in the planetary gear trains are one of the most critical components in which failure of one gear will affect the whole transmission system, thus it is very necessary to determine the causes of failure to reduce it.Planetary Gear Trains have been used in Industry for their many advantages which includes high torque/weight ratio, comparatively smaller size, improved efficiency and highly compact package.This research will help in design calculation of compound planetary gear pair according DIN 3960 and DIN 3990 standard.

In this paper, we will discuss about detailed study, design procedure and results of a paper shredder machine.A detailed study of various parts of shredder machine like stand (frame), transmission system and cutting system are made and designed separately.Study of paper shredder machine included the machine elements which convert manual existing system to automatic system.Paper shredder machine is a mechanical device which is used to cut the paper into chad, typically either strips or fine particles.We are making this project model for recycling of paper wastage(important documents, personal information like social security number, account number, credit card application and other personal information) in domestic area, industrial area etc. in this areas the paper waste is present in large quantity.But the available machines used to recycle this waste are costly.So our intension behind this project is to process the paper waste as cheap as possible by shredding.Benefits of this machine are the reduction of labor work which results in cost reduction and also reduction in time for…

A clean India would be the best honor India could pay to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150 birth anniversary in 2019".The Prime Minister insisted people fulfil Mahatma Gandhi's dream of a clean and hygienic India so that they launched 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan'.To contribute the Narendra Modi's dream we have implemented one system which is based on recent technology Internet of Things.Using this technology we can solve a waste management problem.This paper introduced "IoT Based Smart Dustbin for Smart Cities".In this proposed System dustbins which are located across cities are provided with low cost embedded device.The main theme of the work is to develop a smart intelligent garbage alert system for a proper garbage management.This system recommended a smart alert for dust clearance by giving an alert signal to the worker's mobile whose collect the garbage for instant cleaning of dustbin with proper verification based on the level of garbage filling.This process is facilitated by the ultrasonic sensor which is consolidated with Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage filled in the dustbin…

This paper presents a Hand Gesture Controlled Robot using Arduino, which can be controlled by simple hand gesture.According to the movement of the person hand, the accelerometer start moves.It is based on 3axis of accelerometer and robot move in four direction forward, backward, left and right.For sensing Human motion, we use infrared sensor, it's range is 790nm wavelength from human body.This type of robot widely used in military application, industrial robotic, construction field.In such a field, it is very risky and complicated to handle the machines through switches or remote, sometimes operator may be confused so this new concept introduce to control the machine with the movement of hand which will simultaneously control the robot.

In this paper, we proposed a system to detect vehicle accident and alert to the family member as well as nearby police control rooms and hospitals.The numbers of accidents happening in our country are increasing rapidly everyday and existing systems for a person who meets with an accident are weak as per the ratio.Also the existing systems are focusing mostly on prevention of accident rather than taking immediate actions after an accident; so that the person could be save.The aim of the project is to detect the road accidents and to provide immediate help for needy which avoids the loss of valuable human life.

Kinematic and dynamic modeling of serial robot manipulator is a challenging task but To obtain the best performance of the system, the study of the kinematic and dynamic mechanism of the system is essential. In order to study and analyze the kinematic and dynamic interaction of each link for various configurations, planar robot manipulator is used as a simplified model for kinematic and dynamic analysis. In this paper, the mathematical equations for kinematic and dynamic modeling of two link planar robot manipulator having two revolute joints are derived and equations are analyze by obtaining MATLAB code. The kinematic analysis is the relationships between the positions, velocities, and accelerations of the links of a manipulator and dynamic analysis is the relationship between force and motion generate on the joints and links. The kinematics separate in two types, forward (direct) kinematics and inverse kinematics and this same for dynamics also but my focus is on to formulate and analyze forward kinematics and dynamics only. In forward kinematics, the length of each link and the…

Climate change is recognized to be one of the most serious challenges facing mankind today.Main parameters that are closely related to the climate change are temperature, precipitation and runoff.Knowledge on the spatial variability and temporal trends of mean rainfall is essential for efficient management of water resource and agriculture.Therefore, there is a growing need for an integrated analysis that can quantify the study of climate variability & its arising consequences on water resources.We have analyzed the rainfall data of the Chaliyar river basin, a larger river basin in Southern India which plays a significant role in agricultural development and consequently in the overall growth of Kerala. In the present study, to analyze the trends of the rainfall series of each individual station, the popular statistical methods; simple regression method (parametric), Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator of slope method (non-parametric) have been applied, among which Mann Kendall test has been used to detect significance of the trends in the time series of the precipitation & Sen's…

5s is an essential establishment of lean assembling frameworks.It is a tool for cleaning, arranging, sorting out and giving the vital basis to work piece quality enhancement.This paper managed the execution of 5s approach in the little scale industry.By following the 5s philosophy, it demonstrates noteworthy changes to wellbeing, profitability, effectiveness, and housekeeping.The enhancements when 5s usage is appeared by pictures in the paper.It additionally means to fabricate a more grounded hard-working attitude inside the administration and specialists who might be relied upon to proceed with the great practices.Esteem stream mapping is utilized first to guide the present state used to distinguish wellsprings of waste and to recognize lean instruments to wipe out this waste.VSM is a pencil and paper representation instrument that demonstrates the stream of material and data as an item advances through the esteem stream.VSM fills in as a beginning stage to encourage administration, specialists, providers, and clients perceive waste and its sources.

The clinical significance of certain cardiac arrhythmias can be understood only with reference to respiration. In normal healthy conditions, the respiratory rate is 10-20 breaths/minute. But, certain problems of illness, accidents or some other causes affect the regular sinus rhythm. A non-invasive, non-occlusive and non-intrusive respiration monitoring is desirable in a number of situations such as ambulatory monitoring, stress tests and sleep disorder investigations. Such methods are based on deriving the respiratory activity from signals such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), the photoplethysmogram (PPG). There have been several efforts for such a purpose particularly in the case of ECG-Derived Respiration (EDR). This paper presents an efficient filtering technique with a pre-processing block for extraction of respiratory signal from PPG signal. A PPG is obtained by illuminating a part of the body of interest and acquiring either the reflected or transmitted light. As the PPG signals are most frequently corrupted by the motion artifacts, the pre-processing block essentially…

The Honey Comb Sandwich construction is one of the most valued structural engineering innovations developed in the composite industry.It finds its applications in industries like aerospace, aero plane, transportation, rails etc.The behaviour of honeycombs subjected to three point bending is investigated using Hypermesh and LS-DYNA.The finite element (FE) results like deflection and critical load are verified by theoretical calculation.The honey comb sandwich CAD model is prepared in CATIA software.The core material used in the analysis is copper, steel, aluminium and titanium and the steel material is used for faceplates.The analysis is carried out by varying the thickness of faceplates and core wall of honey comb.The FEA results were obtained and graphs were plotted.

There are many agriculture applications incorporating IoT to increase the productivity of the crops, however, these applications are still facing many challenges. The researchers are working to defeat these challenges in the futuristic applications by deploying new technologies; these technologies are not easy to be used by farmers. So, this research work aims to build a real-time, cost-effective Precision Agriculture Monitoring System with a user-friendly interface to help the farmers monitor their farm parameter's variation (weather, water, soil, pest detection, intrusion detection, fire detection) periodically from anywhere and at any time using their smart-phones. The proposed system will act as a decision support system helps farmers to take the appropriate actions based on the farm parameter's variation; by sending an alert email to the farmer when it is required.

I. INTRODUCTION LEDs are semiconductor devices, which produce light when current flows through them.It is a two-lead semiconductor light source.It is a p-n junction diode that emits light when activated.When a suitable current is applied electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.LEDs are typically very small.In order to improve the efficiency many researches in LEDs and its phosphor has been taking place.However still many technical challenges such as conversion losses, color control, current efficiency droop, color shift, system reliability as well as in light distribution, dimming, thermal management and driver power supply performances etc need to be met in order to achieve low cost and high efficiency.[1] Keywords: Glare

Vitamins are the essential compounds synthesized and used by plants.In tissue culture media, the addition of vitamins is not that common because the amount needed by the plant is really unknown and it also varies from plant to plant.Vitamins show a direct and indirect effect on the growth of callus, somatic cell growth, rooting, and embryo development.Studies show that thiamine is associated with cytokinin and plays role in inducing root and callus growth.Thiamine also facilitates the production of more secondary metabolites such as proteases in pineapple.Biotin and riboflavin also play role in development of callus.There are many other vitamins which are essential or semi essential for the growth of plants of various types.Vitamin D causes uptake of calcium, cell elongation and meristematic cell division.Vitamin C is known to enhance the shoot and root growth.Nicotinic acid is required by plants for synthesizing the amino acids and also helps in carbohydrate metabolism.In this review we will discuss role of these vitamins in some plants that is associated with different plant…

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer which is caused by prolonged exposure to u-v light. Early days melanoma detected through dermoscopy where doctor tries to recognize melanoma based on his experience and assumption. But many cases patient who suffers from melanoma dies because of it not detected early stages. In recent years, several procedures have been proposed to detect and analyze skin cancer. Early stages only skin cancer can be classified as malignant or benign. All proposed methods contribute better values of precision, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

The different techniques available for the extraction of essential oils has been reviewed.Also the study of various parameters has been done which influence the yield and quality of the desired essential oils.Parameters like solvent to feed ratio, temperature of the boiling mixture, size of the raw material and the time of extraction have significant influences on the yield and quality of the extracted essential oils.The hydro-distillation method found to be most suitable method for the extraction of essential oils that are temperature sensitive.

The present Indian government has started different projects for advancing sanitation and neatness.Megacities in India, for example, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi and more noteworthy Mumbai have dynamic monetary development and high wastage per capita.Scratch issues and difficulties such as absence of gathering and isolation at source, shortage of land, dumping of e-Waste, and so on.The present waste accumulation framework assembles a wide range of waste in an unsorted way by utilizing physical work.The isolation of this waste is exceptionally repetitive, tedious and wasteful undertaking, which is numerous a period dangerous to the soundness of the specialists.Subsequently, there is requirement for a framework, which robotizes the procedure of waste isolation, with the goal that the junk transfer can be executed effectively and productively.The proposed framework utilizes machine learning strategies such as, CNN to accurately characterize the loss into degradable and non-degradable.The grouped waste can be isolated into different classifications utilizing…

Nowadays we can see that most of the garbage's across the roadside are overloaded because the wastes are not collected periodically by authorities.It creates Unhealthy Environment for living Human Beings and distributes bad smell around the surrounding atmosphere.This action going to lead environmentally deadly diseases & people's Health Problems.To overcome this problem I am going to introduce a Simplified project called "IOT based Garbage Management System".In our project I am going to use an ARM7 Microcontroller i.e., LPC-2148, ULTRASONIC (HC-SR04) Sensor, GSM (SIM900) and GPS.Using GSM and GPS Wastages and Garbage collection dustbins maximum overflow indicators Short description: ULTRASONIC sensor will be placed UPPER the garbage bin or dustbin.Whenever SENSOR reaches to the threshold value, a SMS will be sent to the respective Municipal or Government authority person immediately.Then that person can send the collection vehicle to collect the full garbage.The vision of our project is to make the surroundings clean in smart way.

Despite the importance of formalization of milk market in Rwanda, the majority of dairy farmers are continuing to choose to market their milk using informal channels at 63% at country level.Farmers are obviously supposed to be rational in their decision making but it is not clear what drives farmer decision of the channel to sell to.This study investigated institutional factors affecting farmer's choice of milk marketing channel in Nyabihu District, Western Province of Rwanda.Multistage sampling techniques were employed to select respondents.Data was drawn from 96 respondents using structured questionnaires.Multinomial Logit regression model was employed to estimate the data.The results from the model show that form of payment (P≤0.01)influenced negatively the choice of local vendors marketing channel over brokers channel and contract farming (P≤0.01)greatly influenced positively the choice of local vendors marketing channel over brokers channel.One the side The results indicated that form of payments(P≤0.05),access to market information(P≤0.10)affect negatively the probability of…

The security system is basically an embedded one.Embedded stands for hardware controller by software.Here a software using microcontroller controls all the hardware components.The microcontroller plays an important role in the system.The main objective of the system is to uniquely identify and to make security for a person.This requires a unique product, which has the capability of distinguishing different person.This is possible by the new technology called RFID.The main parts of the RFID system are RFID tag and RFID reader.In this system the RFID reader and RFID tag used are operating at 125 KHz.The microcontroller internal memory is used for storing the details.This report provides a clear picture of hardware and software used in the system.It also provides an overall view with detailed discussion of the operation of the system.

Currency recognition technology focuses on searching and retrieving visible and hidden tags in paper currency for an efficient classification. The currency recognition and conversion system is implemented to reduce human power to perceive the measure of the currency value and to convert it to other currencies without human supervision.The software interface we suggest here could be utilized for various monetary standards.Habitually, banknotes are blurry or damaged; many have complex recommendation to increase security.This makes the errand of perceiving the money exceptionally troublesome.So it is predominant to choose the right functions and the right algorithm for this aspiration.The fundamental prerequisites for an algorithm that can be considered as practicable are simplicity, less complexity, high speed and efficiency.

The rapid increase of information transmitted electronically resulted to an increased reliance on cryptography and authentication. Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks. Advanced Encryption Standard block cipher (AES) is a widely used cryptographic block cipher system, the AES substitution box (S-Box) are generally inferred as static arrays and publicly known thus making it prone in Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) attacks (also often called side channel attacks). In this paper, a proposed method for constructing dynamic Cipher Key dependent S-box is introduced and implemented to encounter the possible attack on the fixed S -Box. Also, the qualities of the implemented S-boxes are examined based on the four major criteria of a good S-box. A comparative analysis is conducted that compared the randomness properties and simulation time of the proposed AES against the standard AES algorithm. The proposed dynamic key dependent S-box passed the Avalanche, bit independence,…

Seepage is a phenomenon of slow movement of water through a porous.As these days fresh water is in very limited quantity, it is required to prevent the seepage loss.One of the major problems in irrigation canals is water losses due to seepage in unlined and lined canals.Unlined canal lose a substantial part of the usable water through seepage to that of lined canal.The various seepage measurement and design methods were proposed by previous researchers.The extensive study of research papers is carried out for this review especially related to determination of the minimum loss through the canal.

Air conditioning system works on principle of vapour compression refrigeration cycle. Efficiency of air conditioning system depends on the properties of refrigerant. But currently used refrigerants (HCFCs) such as R12, R123 has large amount of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). According to Montreal protocol and Kyoto protocol these refrigerants are promised to be banned after 2020. One of the ways to reduce GWP and ODP is the use of alternative ecofriendly refrigerant such as hydrocarbon and blend refrigerant mixture. In this study, analysis of performance of two alternative refrigerants, R290 and R134A, along with R22 are done. Experiments were perform on different refrigerant under predetermined conditions by considering various performance parameters such as refrigerant mass flow rate, cooling capacity, energy efficiency ratio, coefficient of performance, and compressor work.One ton of refrigeration (1TR) air conditioner is designed and fabricated to investigate the performance of R290 and R134a. Cooling capacity of R134a is lower in range…

Augmented Reality (AR) technology is used in various products and fields. It is often used in the application that simulates an arrangement of furniture. This paper presents an application of Augmented Reality technology for interior design. Augmented Reality offers many advantages for digital architectural design and construction fields. AR is also being considered as a new design approach for interior design. In an AR environment, the virtual furniture can be displayed and modified in realtime on the screen, allowing the user to have an interactive experience with the virtual furniture in a real-world environment. Nowadays, there are lot of people familiar with computer system and communication technologies. Hence this application helps to explore the prospect of new form of Virtual Reality (VR) application called Augmented Reality. This application is based on Augmented Reality (AR) for Interior Design, which supports real time tracking with Identification Markers. Also the system uses FAST corner detection and local window matching algorithms to establish 3D maps.

In order to achieve an effective way to identify malignant melanoma stage without performing more number of skin biopsies, digital image at an early analysis of the images is investigated.For the detection of malignant melanoma, appropriate analyses are done on the tumour images according to the clinical characteristics that early melanoma possesses.In the last stage, classification is done based on the results obtained from the above mentioned analyses.The tumours are classified as either "potential malignant melanoma" or "non-melanoma".This can reduce the time spent and pain received by the patients in detecting early malignant melanoma.

Chemical methods for synthesizing metal chalcogenides are currently receiving wide attention because of their simplicity, cost effectiveness and suitability for large scale deposition. Thin films can be deposited on variety of substrate such as insulators, semiconductor or metal because of lower temperature associated with these methods reduces chances of oxidation and corrosion of substrate. Slow release of anions in these processes facilitates better crystallinity with improved grain structure. Depending upon bath parameter, film deposition can take place by ion-ion mechanism of materials on the substrate or adsorption of hydroxide intermediate on substrate. Using these methods, thin films of group II-VI, III-VI, V-VI etc. have been deposited. Photo-sensor, photocells, detectors, photoluminescence, photovoltaic materials, thermo-electric materials, pigments, anti-reflective coating, optical memories, crude petroleum processing etc. are some of the application of metal chalcogenide films.In the present review article, we have described brief theoretical background necessary for…

In this paper, we introduce the project of water level monitoring as well as controlling with IoT and android application.Wastage of water in the current scenario, merely due to overflowing tanks is not affordable.Conventional water tanks can neither monitor nor control the water level in tank, leading to large amount of wastage.Some other technologies had certain drawbacks in some or the other way.The need of removal of these short-comings and providing an efficient and economical solution has been the main focus of this project.

Soil stabilization is a mean to enhance the engineering properties of soil such as shear strength, shrink-swell property and bearing capacity of the soil.It can be used to treat a wide range of soil from expansive clay to granular materials.The present investigation is to study the specific gravity, atter berg limits, shear strength, compaction behavior and bearing capacity of the soil using lime powder.Lime is the traditional material that had been used as a construction material.The mechanism of using lime as a stabilization material involves cation exchange which leads to the flocculation and agglomeration of soil particles.In this study, addition of lime was made between percentages of 0-10 and a optimum increase in the properties were obtained at the percentage of 8% lime in soil.

A Civil Engineer has to deal with soil in their diverse roles.Every civil engineering structure whether it be a building, a bridge, a tower, an embankment, a road pavement, a railway line, a tunnel or a dam, has to be founded on the soil and thus shall transmit the dead and live loads to the soil stratum.Soil is therefore, the ultimate foundation material which supports the structure.Some clay soil, which are extremely hard when dry, can turn into slush having very little shearing strength, when their water content becomes high.Indeed, water is the most important variable controlling the behaviour of fine grained soil.In practice the property of consistency is associated only with fine grained soils, especially clays.In the present study fine grained soils were selected from different locations of Anekal taluk and basic tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of soil. The obtained Plasticity Index (PI) values in the laboratory were compared Casagrade PI values. An equation is generated between Plasticity Index (PI) and Liquid Limit (LL) using Simple Linear…

Power generation, power utilization and power saving are the most crucial issues in modern era.Power generation is not under the control of common user and hence available power must saved and utilize effectively.In educational an institute which includes lecture hall, classrooms and practical laboratories, huge amount of power is wasted due to human errors and negligence.Significant amount of energy can be saved by avoid energy waste for unoccupied and daylight hour and turning off fan during absence of students and teacher.This paper proposes a concept of energy efficient smart classroom using Arduino Microcontroller.The light intensity, temperature, humidity, noise level and presence of human being in classroom is sensed using sensors.The sensed parameters are used to control lighting and fans.The proposed system is also used to monitor noise level in the specified area and when noise level exceeds threshold SMS will be send to predefined authority.The proposed system could be better option for power saving with minimal cost and better performance results.

This study was conducted on municipal solid waste dumping sites at Selate and Kile in Harar City, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia, to investigate concentration of heavy metals in soil.Three soil sampling points were purposively selected for fresh, intermediate and old wastes dumping areas.A composite soil samples were also collected from control areas near the dumping sites where wastes were not dumped separately with similar depths with from dumping sites.Results showed that the mean concentrations of these metals in the domestic municipal solid waste were higher in decreasing order of Zn>Mn>Cu>F>Pb>Co>Cd>Ni>Cr and Zn>Fe> Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Ni>Co>Cr at Selate and Kile dumping sites, respectively.The pH values ranged from 8.1-8.1 and 7.7-8.1 for soil from decomposed and intermediate dumping respectively at Selate municipal solid waste dumping site.It was also slightly similar at Kile site.Concentrations of heavy metals were higher in soils from decomposed and intermediate waste dumping areas at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth compare to control sites.At both dumping sites concentration of heavy…

Pollution is one of the most important concerns in the 21 st century.There are four main types of pollution.They are air pollution, water pollution, soil or land pollution and noise pollution.Litter of cigarette butts contributes significantly in causing soil or land pollution.The remnants of tobacco and harmful toxic chemicals entrapped in these butts leach into soil and waterways contaminating them.These cigarette butts are made up of cellulose acetate which has poor biodegradability and it can take many years for them to break down.Degradation of cigarette butts is a very difficult and costly process.Hence, it is necessary to find a practical solution to reduce the litter of these butts.This study deals with solving the problem of litter of cigarette butts with a practical solution of incorporating them into precast concrete blocks for paving.The precast concrete blocks for paving were tested for different properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption in order to find their suitability in construction.The precast concrete blocks for paving were…

The development in the field of technology has reduced the involvement of the manual work that is numerous new devices and techniques are replacing the conventional methods.Green house plantations , large scale gardening and farming are few among many trends that are being adopted in the present time.Reduction in the availability of laborers has urged for the more efficient techniques for the management of the plants.In order to overcome such situations, our project aims at monitoring soil parameters such as soil pH, moisture content and surrounding temperature.These three parameters are crucial factors for the proper plant growth.We are using a single processing chip Raspberry Pi as it is efficient and affordable.The real time data can be accessed by the owner of the land which helps him monitor the current soil parameters and can thus prevent the damage whenever there is an extreme variation in these parameters.

Exam Cell Automation System is delivered for the school to streamline examination hallway assignment and seating strategy. It urges student to get to the examination information of a class. The demonstrate of making exam seating strategy system is to modernize standard technique for coordinating exam and to offer straightforwardness to student. Another suggest for working up this application is to cause the seating strategy report normally during exams at the discontinuance of the session. The degree of the endeavour is the structure on which the item is presented. The applicant is made as an Android application, and it will work for a foundation. For the most part students are going up against various ties for finding the exam seats as demonstrated by passage ticket separately. A from at an early stage planned thought can benefit for the students for checking their exam hallways. The Students purposes of intrigue have information about each one of the student who has checked in to go to the examination. It contains the task that student follow, Branch of the student and their…

Today the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or also known as drones are used for many operations in agriculture for enhancing the crop yield and reducing the cost of production.UAV application in agriculture leverages the economy of farmers.The UAV powered by solar or wind mounted with imaging processing capabilities and other devices will enable efficient operations like crop monitoring, spraying of fertilizers and chemical.UAV are extensively used in precision farming in developed counties.The authors have carried out the review of literature on the applications of UAV in agricultural across the world.

In today's Digital era, everything is at fingertips with the help of fast internet search engines and plenty of available information in all domain.The data can easily be copied, transferred, downloaded, edited and many more things can be done.Watermarking is recommended to ensure that the rights of the owner remain intact with the original work.Watermarking may be visible or invisible depending upon its application.Here we have presented a review on various Video Watermarking techniques.

Optimization is technique by which we can do our work in most efficient way as possible.This can be achieved by reducing no. of calculations in particular algorithm or reducing work done in any of the task.Mine blast algorithm is a new optimization algorithm which is population based algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems.Computational effort that is number of evaluating functions are less and the results of the computations are perfect.More than fifteen constrained problems are solved by Mine blast algorithm and results are more accurate.An introduction and detail about the algorithm as well as one application which is using mine blast for optimum results is also described in detail.The name of the application is speed reducer problem in which the mine blast algorithm is used to get the optimal results of the parameters which are optimal if we get as less value as we can.This result is compared with various other algorithms and hence mine blast algorithm proved to be most efficient in giving optimal results.

Truck drivers, company car drivers and shift workers are the most at risk of falling asleep while driving.Majority of the accidents occur due to the drunkenness of the driver.The burden of which lies on the company owner as they are made liable.It can lead to economic loss.In this presentation we present an adaptive driver and company owner alert system and an application that provides driving behaviour to the company owner.I.

India is on the road of incorporating electronic learning and related technologies in the education system. The goal is to develop standard learning environment for the large population with resources on hand. Despite of several advantages of elearning, it would not be meaningful if leaners don't adapt to it. The factors that influence students' intensions towards using elearning systems are worth to study. This empirical study is based on revised Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and it analyses the effect of two external factors, technology availability and self-efficacy on the behavioural intention of students to use e-learning. The responses were collected from 54 diploma engineering students and the collected data was assessed for their inclination towards using e-learning. The results of the study may be significant to educationists and decision makers to implement e-learning strategies.

Nowadays, in INDIA, delay in construction project is increasing which severely affects the time and cost of construction project.Delay can be defined as "an act or event that extends the time required to perform tasks or activities under a Contract".It is usually reflected as additional days of work need to complete whole or part of project.This paper aims to find out the most significant factors causing delays in Indian construction projects like residential building through questionnaire survey.The Questionnaire survey is conducted with the participants (contractors, owners, consultants and others) of particular residential building in order to shortlist significant factors by using Relative Importance Index (RII) and finally recommendations are given to avoid delays in construction project.

This work describes the static and thermal stress distribution of the combustion engine piston using computer aided design software. Using computer aided design Autodesk Inventor software the solid model of a piston will be created and using SolidWorks the static and thermal analyses are investigated for two variants of a diesel piston, made of different type of materials, Aluminium 6061 Alloy and Gray Cast Iron material.

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials are quickly growing both in terms of their industrial applications and primary research as they are renewable, low, completely or partially recyclable and eco-friendly.In order to produce cost effective polymer reinforced composites and to reduce the destruction of ecosystem, researchers have come up with new manufacturing trends for composite using natural fibers which are partially biodegradable, for which plants such as flax, cotton, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, pineapple, banana, wood etc., used from time immemorial as a rich source of lignocellulosic fibers are more often applied as the reinforcement of composites.The chemically treated natural fibre shows better improvement in properties than untreated fibres.The chemically treated natural fibre has improved interfacial adhesion between fibre surface and polymer matrix.Natural fibre reinforcements have shown better results in impact toughness and fatigue strength.This review aims at explaining about the research and development in the improvement in properties of natural fibre…

The development of alternatives to fossil fuels like Bio-fuel is becoming increasingly urgent with the depletion of resources of fossil fuels and the steadily worsening state of our atmosphere and natural environment.The usage of bio-fuels is one possibility to decrease greenhouse gas emissions in the nearer future.Bioethanol can be used in fuels for vehicles without any modifications of the engines in concentrations up to 5 percent and even 10 percent in newer engines.Different possible raw materials for the production of bioethanol have been studied during the last few decades.Food waste from restaurants and hotels in India are increasing environmental problem, particularly in tourist areas.Food waste can be defined as any edible waste from food production and consumption.Food waste generated in India is rich in carbohydrate, as high as 65% of total solids due to its high proportion of cooked rice and cereals.With the use of fermentation & pervaporation technology this waste can be converted in to useful byproduct like bioethanol.Thus, utilization of hotel & restaurant food waste…

Job satisfaction refers to the positive attitudes or emotional feelings of people about the work or about various aspects of work. In today's era, because of global competition, talented employee retention becomes challenge for the organization. Employee Job satisfaction and employee retention are closely related with each other. Employees' job satisfaction and retention becomes a central attention in the researches and discussions in work organization because it is believed to have relationship with the job performance also. Job Satisfaction is very important and in most of the cases it becomes deciding factor for employee. Researcher wants to find out various factors considered in job satisfaction and their linkage with employee retention.

The advanced composites are resulted in great achievements in many fields including marine and automobile engineering, sports and medicine, in terms of corrosion and fatigue resistances, high specific modulus and specific Strength improvement and reduction in energy requirements owing to reduction in weight.The aim of this work is that to replace the conventional steel shaft of automobiles with an appropriate composite shaft.The conventional drives hafts are made in two pieces for reducing the bending natural frequency, whereas the composite shafts made as single-piece shafts, thus reducing the overall weight.E-Glass/Epoxy and Kevlar/Epoxy composites were design and analyze in terms of torsional strength, torsional buckling and bending natural frequency by compare them with the conventional steel driveshaft under the same grounds of design constraints and the best suited composite material was recommended.In this present work an attempt has been to estimate the deflection, stresses, and natural frequencies under subjected loads using FEA (Ansys).

Hand gesture recognition using visual photos with a variety of gestures and body parts movements can be used as a vital requirement to interact with a lot of potential applications in human-computer interaction, machine vision, games, and so on.Our analysis is one of the most challenges faced during the current time is providing separate and non-equally cumbersome services to the differently abled and handicapped.Most of the general approaches related to gesture recognition have utilized information gloves, except for a lot of natural interface.As a gesture could be a continuous motion or a static gesture or may be a change in facial expressions, the HMM (hidden markov model) should be used as a distinguished recognition tool.

This work is done to find out the importance's for attendance management system for students or employees within the organization through bio-metric (fingerprint). This research will help any institutions/organizations to signpost attendance of any student/employee in time with data information through finger impression will be a doorway taken as a signature. The challenging part of the system is how to manage database and the database architecture and its business logic.

Multiphase motors are induction motors in which stator has more than three phases.These motor drives (more than three phases) have attracted more attention in recent automation as they possess several advantages over conventional threephase drives such as lower space-harmonic content, can operate even during phase open fault, higher torque density, and higher efficiency.For applications operating with electric cars, multiphase system could satisfy potential demand for electric drive systems of power, which are both robust and energy efficient.This paper presents dynamic modeling of five-phase induction motor drive, also simulation results of a five phase induction machine supplied from a five phase inverter.