The 50 most-cited articles in The Analyst, 2024

Literature reports demonstrate versatile optical applications of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) in biological imaging, full-color solid-state lighting, optoelectronics, sensing, anticounterfeiting and so on. The fluorescence associated with CDs may originate significantly from byproducts generated during their synthesis, which need to be eliminated to achieve error-free results. The significance of purification, specifically for luminescence-based characterizations, is highly critical and imperative. Thus, there is a pressing demand to implement consistent and adequate purification strategies to reduce sample complexity and thereby realize reliable results that can provide a tactical steppingstone towards the advancement of CDs as next-generation optical materials. The article focuses on the mechanism of origin of fluorescence from CDs and further demonstrates the different purification approaches including dialysis, centrifugation, filtration, solvent extraction, chromatography, and electrophoresis that have been adopted by various researchers. Furthermore, the fundamental…

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel inorganic-organic hybridized crystals with a wide range of applications. In the last twenty years, fluorescence sensing based on MOFs has attracted much attention. MOFs can exhibit luminescence from metal nodes, ligands or introduced guests, which provides an excellent fluorescence response in sensing. However, single-signal emitting MOFs are susceptible to interference from concentration, environment, and excitation intensity, resulting in poor accuracy. To overcome the shortcomings, dual-emission MOF-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors have been proposed and rapidly developed. In this review, we first introduce the luminescence mechanisms, synthetic methods, and detection mechanisms of dual-emission MOFs, highlight the strategies for constructing ratiometric fluorescence sensors based on dual-emission MOFs, and classify them into three categories: intrinsic dual-emission and single-emission MOFs with luminescent guests, and non-emission MOFs with other luminescent materials. Then, we summarize the recent advances in dual-emission…

Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure-function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle…

Plant health, which affects the nutritional quality and safety of derivative food products, is influenced by symbiotic interactions with microorganisms. These interactions influence the local molecular profile at the tissue level. Therefore, studying the distribution of molecules within plants, microbes, and plant-based food is crucial to assess plant health, ensure the safety and quality of the agricultural products that become part of our food supply, and plan agricultural management practices. Within this framework, the molecular distribution within plant-based samples can be visualized with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). This review describes key MSI methodologies, highlighting the role they play in unraveling the localization of metabolites, lipids, proteins, pigments, and elemental components across plants, microbes, and food products. Furthermore, investigations that involve multimodal molecular imaging approaches combining MSI with other imaging techniques are described. The advantages and limitations of the different MSI techniques that influence their applicability in…

The feasibility of ultrafast (1.7 s) ventilation MRI with a 1 × 1 × 50 mm 3 voxel size is demonstrated using hyperpolarized propane gas contrast agent in excised rabbit lungs on a 0.35 T clinical MRI scanner without any scanner modification.

/real-time analysis, has attracted considerable interest. Recently, the utilisation of nanomaterials was particularly prominent in SC-ISEs due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this article, we review the recent applications of various types of nanostructured materials that are composed of carbon, metals and polymers for the development of SC-ISEs. The challenges and opportunities in this field, along with the prospects for future applications of nanomaterials in SC-ISEs are also discussed.

Nanozymes, a class of synthetic nanomaterials possessing enzymatic catalytic properties, exhibit distinct advantages such as exceptional stability and cost-effectiveness. Among them, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes have garnered significant attention due to their large specific surface area, tunable pore size and uniform structure. MOFs are porous crystalline materials bridged by inorganic metal ions/clusters and organic ligands, which hold immense potential in the fields of catalysis, sensors and drug carriers. The combination of MOFs with diverse nanomaterials gives rise to various types of MOF-based nanozyme, encompassing original MOFs, MOF-based nanozymes with chemical modifications, MOF-based composites and MOF derivatives. It is worth mentioning that the metal ions and organic ligands in MOFs are perfectly suited for designing oxidoreductase-like nanozymes. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of recent trends and progress in MOF-based nanozymes with oxidoreductase-like activity. Furthermore, the current obstacles and prospective outlook of MOF-based…

, atmosphere and humidity) control. Serving as an invaluable resource, this tutorial review aims to equip researchers and practitioners entering the field with a comprehensive guide to essential considerations for conducting successful SECCM experiments.

-propanol were found to be non-specific, and the response to water was negligible. This demonstrates an improvement over previous methanol gas sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers. No response was observed with carbon nanotubes alone, and no selectivity was observed with non-imprinted equivalents of the nanoMIP sensor. The resulting device is by far the most practical MIP-based instrument for methanol gas sensing thus far described in the literature, being the only example capable of functioning at the necessary methanol vapour concentrations and at the required temperature and humidity. With the selectivity and sensitivity described and the simple design, the developed device provides a substantial advance in the field of molecularly imprinted gas sensors.

values. These differences are most likely due to variations in the accessibility of conductive sites on the electrode surface due to the varying surface roughness of different patterned designs. Our findings highlight that when making electrodes using 3D printing, surface patterning of the electrode surface can be used as an effective approach to enhance the performance of the sensor for varying applications.

The distinct impacts of fouling mechanisms on a carbon fiber microelectrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, affecting their performance in neurotransmitter detection via Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry.

. Using the Au@Pt nanozyme as a label for immunoassays, non-optimized nanozyme substrate concentrations led to 30 times higher LOD compared to optimized conditions. The results confirm the necessity of measuring nanozymes' kinetic parameters and the corresponding adjustment of substrate concentrations for highly sensitive detection.

This review described current methods for the detection of viable Escherichia coli , including culture-based methods, molecular approaches targeting DNA and RNA, bacteriophage-based methods, biosensors, and other emerging strategies.

Many diseases in the human body are related to the overexpression of viscosity and sulfur dioxide. Therefore, it is essential to develop rapid and sensitive fluorescent probes to detect viscosity and sulfur dioxide. In the present work, we developed a dual-response fluorescent probe (ES) for efficient detection of viscosity and sulfur dioxide while targeting mitochondria well. The probe generates intramolecular charge transfer by pushing and pulling the electron-electron system, and the ICT effect is destroyed and the fluorescence quenched upon reaction with sulfite. The rotation of the molecule is inhibited in the high-viscosity system, producing a bright red light. In addition, the probe has good biocompatibility and can be used to detect sulfite in cells, zebrafish and mice, as well as upregulation of viscosity in LPS-induced inflammation models. We expect that the dual response fluorescent probe ES will be able to detect viscosity and sulfite efficiently, providing an effective means of detecting viscosity and sulfite-related diseases.

ABSTRACT We performed a thorough analysis and characterization of multiple batches of Helaina recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF, Effera™) expressed at an industrial scale in a yeast system. Bottom-up LC-MS/MS-based proteomics analysis detected the full sequence of Helaina rhLF protein and confirmed that its amino acid sequence is identical to that of native human LF (Uniprot i.d. P02788). Helaina rhLF had a protein purity of 98% or higher as determined by three orthogonal methods; reversed-phase HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and LC-MS proteomics analysis. N-linked glycans were detected at three known glycosylation sites, namely, Asparagines-156, -497, and -642. The identified N-glycans of Helaina rhLF were predominantly oligomannose structures with five to nine mannoses (M5-M9), which we also report to be present in both the native human and bovine LF. human milk LF (hmLF) possessed lower levels of oligomannose structures and were mainly M5 and M6. Helaina rhLF protein secondary structure was nearly identical to that of hmLF, as revealed by microfluidic modulation spectroscopy. Results of…

Advancements in food-contaminant detection technologies can significantly improve food safety and human health. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become the preferred analytical method for food-safety detection owing to its numerous advantages, which include unique 'molecular fingerprinting' features, high sensitivity, rapid responses, and non-invasive characteristics. Raman-signal enhancements rely heavily on high-performance SERS substrates. In recent years, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based SERS substrates have gained attention as promising candidates for developing SERS technologies owing to their distinctive structures and functions. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in MOF-based SERS substrates, focusing on the main role of MOFs in SERS substrates as well as their typical categories and structures, construction methods, and representative applications in food-contaminant detection. First, the primary roles of MOFs in SERS substrates are briefly introduced. Next, a comprehensive overview of the typical categories and structures of MOF-based…

at 450 nm is enhanced and the blue fluorescence of CDs at 617 nm is quenched by energy transfer in the presence of TC. Under optimal conditions, TC is selectively determined in the linear range from 0.1 μM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.03 μM by the step-by-step grafting method. In addition, the sealed paper chip could effectively prevent pollution and volatilization from the reagent. This technique has been used to analyze TC in seafood aquaculture water with satisfactory results.

electrolyte pH (5), supporting electrolyte (0.1 M ABS), and volume of coating (12 μL), were optimized. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was adopted to determine the OXY with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 nM (S/N = 3) with a linear range of 40-400 nM. The analytical application of the modified electrode was examined by spiking OXY in pasteurized toned milk, skimmed powder milk, animal milk, and RO water, with a good recovery range of 95-106%.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that leaches into food and is significantly employed in food and beverage storage, and source water cycles. To ensure an outstanding and sustainable biosphere while safeguarding human health and well-being, BPA detection is essential, necessitating an efficient detection methodology. Here, we describe an easy-to-use, inexpensive, and overly sensitive electrochemical detector that uses Fe-MOF nanotextures for identifying BPA in groundwater. This sensing electrode device combines the excellent guest interaction potential of organic ligands with the substantial surface area of metal. Using various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), the structural and physicochemical behaviors of the as-synthesized material were evaluated. Electrochemical BPA detection was enabled by a diffusion-controlled oxidation procedure with a comparable number of both protons and electrons. With a 0.1 μM detection…

. Wherein, specific primers for amplifying each target gDNA were applied, followed by applying SERS nanotags functionalized with complementary DNA probes and Raman reporters for specific identification of the target bacterial pathogens. The PCR/SERS assay showed high specificity and sensitivity for genotyping bacterial pathogen gDNA, whereby as few as 100 copies of the target gDNA could be detected. With high sensitivity and the convenience of standard PCR amplification, the proposed assay shows great potential for the sensitive detection of multiple pathogen infections to aid clinical decision-making.

Rising pollution of heavy metals is one of the greatest concerns, especially in water resources globally and has led to significant adverse effects to human health. To uplift the status of human health, detection of heavy metals is of key importance. This study establishes the ability of carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based thin films for the detection of total heavy metal counts based on a fluorescence-based mechanism in various water resources using a fiber optic spectrometer (FOS) device. CQDs and CQD thin films were characterized using various techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the sensing capability was evaluated for the detection of heavy metals using an optical fiber system. The analytical parameters of the CQD-based thin film were compared with the estimation carried out using a micro plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES) method. The sensing performances of CQD thin films indicate that they are able to detect five heavy metals…

Samples collected from brain of living subjects are segmented to nanoliter droplets and infused to the mass spectrometer. Temporal resolution for in vivo concentration dynamics of key neurotransmitters of 10 s is achieved. Created with Biorender.com.

two common voltammetry methods: cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The LOD for each analyte was estimated and/or calculated following a variety of literature-described methods and compared. The accuracy and reliability of these LOD characteristics based on the experimental data is described herein along with suggestions and recommendations. This manuscript is intended to compare the resulting LOD values from various methods and provide a starting point for the incorporation of electrochemistry into the forensic science laboratory, beginning a focused discussion on the development of validation guidelines and parameters needed for the adoption of this technology in forensic laboratories in order to meet the standards required by the criminal justice system.

The droplet deposition methods in Raman spectroscopy have received considerable attention in the field of analytical sensing focusing on effective pre-concentration of the studied analyte (coffee-ring effect or small spots). This review covers different analytical applications of drop-coating deposition Raman scattering (DCDRS) and droplet deposition surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Two main advantages of droplet deposition Raman techniques are considered: the drying-induced segregation of the components from the mixtures (such as body fluids) and the sensitivity of detection of various analytically important molecules. Some recent advanced applications, including clinical cancer diagnosis, are discussed and summarized. Finally, the potential and further perspectives of the droplet deposition Raman methods for analytical studies are introduced.

Emerging as a promising novel amplification technique, the exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) offers significant advantages due to its potent exponential amplification capability, straightforward reaction design, rapid reaction kinetics, and isothermal operation. The past few years have witnessed swift advancements and refinements in EXPAR-based technologies, with numerous high-performance biosensing systems documented. A deeper understanding of the EXPAR mechanism has facilitated the proposal of novel strategies to overcome limitations inherent to traditional EXPAR. Furthermore, the synergistic integration of EXPAR with diverse amplification methodologies, including the use of a CRISPR/Cas system, metal nanoparticles, aptamers, alternative isothermal amplification techniques, and enzymes, has significantly bolstered analytical efficacy, aiming to enhance specificity, sensitivity, and amplification efficiency. This comprehensive review presents a detailed exposition of the EXPAR mechanism and analyzes its primary challenges. Additionally, we summarize the latest research…

One of the challenges facing biology is to understand metabolic events at a single cellular level. While approaches to examine dynamics of protein distribution or report on spatiotemporal location of signalling molecules are well-established, tools for the dissection of metabolism in single living cells are less common. Advances in Raman spectroscopy, such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), are beginning to offer new insights into metabolic events in a range of experimental systems, including model organisms and clinical samples, and across a range of disciplines. Despite the power of Raman imaging, it remains a relatively under-used technique to approach biological problems, in part because of the specialised nature of the analysis. To raise the profile of this method, here we consider some key studies which illustrate how Raman spectroscopy has revealed new insights into fatty acid and lipid metabolism across a range of cellular systems. The powerful and non-invasive nature of this approach offers a new suite of tools for biomolecular scientists to address how metabolic events…

time-gated phosphorescence imaging have been proposed and demonstrated, respectively. This work would provide a new route to design CD-based RTP composites and promote their further applications in the medical and biological fields.

A chiral metal-organic framework (CMOF) was synthesized by introducing L-histidine (L-His) to zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and then grafting with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD). Compared with L-His-ZIF-8, the CM-β-CD-functionalized L-His-ZIF-8 (L-His-ZIF-8-CD) showed significantly enhanced discrimination ability for the tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers owing to the inherent chirality of CM-β-CD. The specificity of the chiral interface was also studied, and the results indicated that the discrimination ability for Trp enantiomers is significantly stronger than that for the enantiomers of cysteine (Cys) and tyrosine (Tyr), which might be due to the better matching between the indole ring of Trp and the chiral cavity of CM-β-CD.

This study presents the development and validation of an innovative microfluidic liver-on-a-chip device utilizing gravity-driven perfusion for the evaluation of drug hepatotoxicity. This research involved the construction of a hydrogel-based coculture chip that integrates liver parenchymal and stellate cells within a tri-channel configuration. The assembly and operation of the liver-on-a-chip and its accompanying custom rocker were straightforward. The cells in the chip maintained high viability and continuously synthesized liver albumin over extended culture durations. Acetaminophen (APAP), a hepatic injury-inducing drug, was utilized as a positive control in hepatic toxicity assays on the chip. The liver chip exhibited hepatotoxic responses comparable to those observed in 2D models. Furthermore, in this study we evaluated the effects of two plant-derived natural compounds, aristolochic acid I (AA) and its analog aristolactam AII (AL), in both 2D cell models and the liver-on-a-chip system. AA, known for its hepatorenal toxicity, was observed to cause hepatotoxicity in both the 2D…

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin are well-established liver biomarkers with significant physiological functions. Alterations in these liver function tests can be indicative of the presence and progression of acute and chronic liver conditions such as liver cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary disease, and liver failure. Therefore, accurate and quantitative detection of these biomarkers is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring liver disease. There are several commercially available chemistry analyzers capable of simultaneously detecting all these biomarkers, as well as numerous biosensors designed for individual detection. Various techniques have been employed, including colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), fluorescence-based techniques, and electrochemical methods. Among these, electrochemical detection stands out due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, low sample volume requirement, label-free…

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are caused by sporadic or pandemic outbreaks of viral or bacterial pathogens, and continue to be a considerable socioeconomic burden for both developing and industrialized countries alike. Diagnostic methods and technologies serving as the cornerstone for disease management, epidemiological tracking, and public health interventions are evolving continuously to keep up with the demand for higher sensitivity, specificity and analytical throughput. Microfluidics is becoming a key technology in these developments as it allows for integrating, miniaturizing and automating bioanalytical assays at an unprecedented scale, reducing sample and reagent consumption and improving diagnostic performance in terms of sensitivity, throughput and response time. In this article, we describe relevant ARTIs-pneumonia, influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019-along with their pathogenesis. We provide a summary of established methods for disease diagnosis, involving nucleic acid amplification techniques, antigen detection,…

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a driving factor of tumour progression and radiation therapy resistance. Identifying biochemical signatures associated with tumour radioresistance may assist with the development of targeted treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can monitor post-irradiation biomolecular changes and signatures of radiation response in tumour cells in a label-free manner. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) perform feature extraction directly from data in an end-to-end learning manner, with high classification performance. Furthermore, recently developed CNN explainability techniques help visualize the critical discriminative features captured by the model. In this work, a CNN is developed to characterize tumour response to radiotherapy based on its degree of radioresistance. The model was trained to classify Raman spectra of three human tumour cell lines as radiosensitive (LNCaP) or radioresistant (MCF7, H460) over a range of treatment doses and data collection time points. Additionally, a method based on Gradient-Weighted…

orthotopic tumor-bearing models demonstrated that the probe ZVGQ exhibited exceptional tissue penetration depth and the ability to penetrate the BBB. The probe ZVGQ not only successfully visualizes abnormal mitochondrial viscosity changes, but also provides a practical and feasible tool for real-time imaging and clinical diagnosis of glioblastoma.

, which indicates that our flexible SERS substrate has the potential to achieve ultra-high sensitivity. The reproducibility was tested with 30 different spots showing a relative standard deviation (RSD) of SERS intensity of about 5.4%, indicating good reproducibility of the SERS platform. To illustrate the usefulness of the flexible SERS sensor patch, we investigated the detection of a carcinogenic compound crystal violet (CV) on fish scales, which is often used as an effective antifungal agent in the aquaculture industry. The results realized the trace detection of CV with the minimum detection limit as low as 1 pM. We believe that our transparent, and flexible SERS patch based on GNS-4 has potential as a versatile, low-cost platform for real-world SERS sensing applications on nonplanar surfaces.

In this application of native mass spectrometry (nMS) to investigate complexes formed by molecular glues (MGs), we have demonstrated its efficiency in delineating stoichiometric rearrangements of E3 ligases that occur during targeted protein degradation (TPD). MGs stabilise interactions between an E3 ligase and a protein of interest (POI) targeted for degradation, and these ternary interactions are challenging to characterise. We have shown that nMS can unambiguously identify complexes formed between the CRBN : DDB1 E3 ligase and the POI GSPT1 upon the addition of lenalidomide, pomalidomide or thalidomide. Ternary complex formation was also identified involving the DCAF15 : DDA1 : DDB1 E3 ligase in the presence of MG (E7820 or indisulam) and POI RBM39. Moreover, we uncovered that the DCAF15 : DDA1 : DDB1 E3 ligase self-associates into dimers and trimers when analysed alone at low salt concentrations (100 mM ammonium acetate) which dissociate into single copies of the complex at higher salt concentrations (500 mM ammonium acetate), or upon the addition of MG and POI, forming a 1 : 1…

3D printing has attracted the interest of researchers due to its creative freedom, low cost, and ease of operation. Because of these features, this technology has produced different types of electroanalytical platforms. Despite their popularity, the thermoplastic composites used for electrode fabrication typically have high electrical resistance, resulting in devices with poor electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose a new strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of 3D-printed electrodes and to gain chemical selectivity towards glucose detection. The approach involves synthesising a nanostructured gold film using an infrared laser source directly on the surface of low-contact resistance 3D-printed electrodes. The laser parameters, such as power, focal distance, and beam scan rate, were carefully optimised for the modification steps. Scanning electronic microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the morphology and composition of the nanostructured gold film. After modification, the resulting electrodes were able to selectively detect glucose,…

Small molecules find extensive application in medicine, food safety, and environmental studies, particularly in biomedicine. Immunoassay technology, leveraging the specific recognition between antigens and antibodies, offers a superior alternative to traditional physical and chemical analysis methods. This approach allows for the rapid and accurate detection of small molecular compounds, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and swift analytical capabilities. However, small molecular compounds often struggle to effectively stimulate an immune response due to their low molecular weight, weak antigenicity, and limited antigenic epitopes. To overcome this, coupling small molecule compounds with macromolecular carriers to form complete antigens is typically required to induce specific antibodies in animals. Consequently, the preparation of small-molecule artificial antigens and the production of efficient specific antibodies are crucial for achieving precise immunoassays. This paper reviews recent advancements in small molecule antibody preparation technology, emphasizing the…

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising class of biomarkers for early detection of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. However, quantifying miRNAs in human blood samples is challenging owing to the issues of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, hsa-miR-200a-3p of the miR-200a sub-family, which is a biomarker of ovarian cancer, was used as the analyte to demonstrate the analytical capability of an integrated biosensing platform using an extremely sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag-nanoaggregate-embedded beads (NAEBs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), a pair of highly specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes, and a semi-automated paper-based electrowetting-on-dielectric (pEWOD) device to provide labor-less and thorough sample cleanup and recovery. A sandwich approach where NAEBs are modified by one LNA-1 probe and MNPs are modified by another LNA-2 probe was applied. Then, the target analyte miRNA-200a-3p was introduced to form a sandwich nanocomplex through hybridization with the pair of LNA probes. The pEWOD device was used to achieve…

> 0.9 for 98% of detected molecular formulas across retention times). Importantly, PCI-IS could compensate for 80% of matrix effects across an environmental gradient of DOM composition from groundwater to surface water. This enabled studying the ionization efficiency of DOM isomers and linking the observed differences to the biogeochemical sources. With PCI-IS original, non-extracted DOM samples can be analysed by LC-FT-ICR MS without carbon load adjustment, and mass peak intensities can be reliably used to semi-quantitatively compare isomer abundances between compositionally similar DOM samples.

A green SERS method using untreated filter paper achieves low detection limits (0.31 μg mL −1 ) for various polystyrene nanoplastics in water samples, offering a simple and practical monitoring method.

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe was developed for selectively monitoring hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). This probe was successfully applied to detect H 2 S in living cells, zebrafish, and hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models.

Arachidonic acid metabolites are a family of bioactive lipids derived from membrane phospholipids. They are involved in cancer progression, but arachidonic acid metabolite profiles and their related biosynthetic pathways remain uncertain in colorectal cancer (CRC). To compare the arachidonic acid metabolite profiles between CRC patients and healthy controls, quantification was performed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis of serum and tissue samples. Metabolomics analysis delineated the distinct oxidized lipids in CRC patients and healthy controls. Prostaglandin (PGE2)-derived metabolites were increased, suggesting that the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway was upregulated in CRC. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that the expression level of PGE2 synthases, the key protein of PGE2 biosynthesis, was upregulated in CRC and positively correlated with the CD68+ macrophage density and CRC development. Our study indicates that the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway is associated with macrophage infiltration and progression of CRC tumors.

, respectively. These CA NF-decorated PBSP sensors can be used as a general electrochemical tool to detect, for example, organic substances, proteins, and bacteria, which are expected to achieve point-of-care testing of pathogenic microorganisms and have wide application prospects in biomedicine, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety.

to obtain nano-hybrid materials provides a method to balance SERS sensitivity, cost effectiveness and operational stability, and can be synthesized in large quantities, which is a key step towards commercialization and has good reliability prospects.

Blood glucose concentration is an important index for the diagnosis of diabetes, its self-monitoring technology is the method for scientific diabetes management. Currently, the typical household blood glucose meters have achieved great success in diabetes management, but they are discrete detection methods, and involve invasive blood sampling procedures. Optical detection technologies, which use the physical properties of light to detect the glucose concentration in body fluids non-invasively, have shown great potential in non-invasive blood glucose detection. This article summarized and analyzed the basic principles, research status, existing problems, and application prospects of different optical glucose detection technologies. In addition, this article also discusses the problems of optical detection technology in wearable sensors and perspectives on the future of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology to improve blood glucose monitoring in diabetic patients.

Pesticides are primarily used in agriculture to protect crops and extend their longevity. However, pesticide exposure has been linked to various acute and chronic health effects, raising significant environmental concerns. Current detection methods are often expensive and time-consuming, relying on complex instruments. Although enzyme-inhibition-based microfluidic paper-based analytical device (mPAD) platforms offer an easier alternative, they suffer from slow analyte transport and analyte adsorption issues in microchannels. Consequently, there is a need for a fast, simple, and cost-effective point-of-need platform for pesticide sensing. In this study, we present a rapid microfluidic platform for on-site pesticide residue detection. Unlike traditional mPAD platforms, our system transports pesticide samples through hollow capillary channels within seconds without adsorption of pesticides in the microchannels. While much research has focused on acetylcholinesterase inhibition on paper, this study is the first to introduce a tyrosinase inhibition-based assay on a paper platform for…

generated in the cascade caused the FL quenching of nanocomposites and the discoloration of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidin. The linear ranges for SA detection in the dual-mode system were 1-100 μM (FL) and 1-200 μM (colorimetric), with detection limits of 0.34 and 0.59 μM, respectively. This nanoplatform exhibited notable repeatability, specificity, and stability, making it suitable for detecting sarcosine in real human urine samples. Therefore, this dual-mode multienzyme cascade nanoplatform would have a potential applicative prospect for detecting SA and other biomarkers in real clinical samples.

conveniently. Finally, density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory were performed to verify the experimental outcomes theoretically.

In this paper, we present Raman imaging as a non-invasive approach for studying changes in mitochondrial metabolism caused by cardiolipin–cytochrome c interactions

was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy, in terms of bacterial adhesion and cell elasticity. We observed that the bacterial outer membrane underwent significant structural changes, when in close proximity to the AgNPs, namely increased hydrophilicity and stiffness loss. The spatially varied antimicrobial effect found experimentally was rationalised by numerical simulations of silver(I) concentration profiles.