The 100 most-cited articles in Chemical Communications, 2024

Water electrolysis is a promising method for efficiently producing hydrogen and oxygen, crucial for renewable energy conversion and fuel cell technologies. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are two key electrocatalytic reactions occurring during water splitting, necessitating the development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts. Transition metal (TM)-based electrocatalysts, spanning noble metals and TM oxides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, borides, chalcogenides, and dichalcogenides, have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding characteristics, including high electronic conductivity, tunable valence electron configuration, high stability, and cost-effectiveness. This timely review discusses developments in TM-based electrocatalysts for the HER and OER in alkaline media in the last 10 years, revealing that the exposure of more accessible surface-active sites, specific electronic effects, and string effects are essential for the development of efficient electrocatalysts towards electrochemical water splitting…

Cancer immunotherapy, which leverages the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, has made significant progress, particularly in the treatment of metastatic tumors. However, challenges such as drug stability and off-target effects still limit its clinical success. To address these issues, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers in cancer immunotherapy. MOFs have unique porous structure, excellent drug loading capacity, and tunable surface modification properties. MOFs not only enhance drug delivery efficiency but also allow for precise control of drug release. They reduce off-target effects and significantly improve targeting and therapy efficacy. As research deepens, MOFs' effectiveness as drug carriers has been refined. When combined with immunoadjuvants or anticancer drugs, MOFs further stimulate the immune response. This improves the specificity of immune attacks on tumors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of MOFs in cancer immunotherapy. It focuses on synthesis, drug loading strategies, and…

) and niobium-based oxides. Moreover, we look forward to the development prospects of fast-charging anodes and provide some guidance for future research in the field of fast-charging batteries.

Designing low-dimensional nanomaterials is vital to address the energy and environmental crisis by means of electrocatalytic conversion reactions. Bimetallenes, as an emerging class of 2D materials, present promise for electrocatalytic conversion reactions. By leveraging atomically thin layers, bimetallenes present unsaturated surface coordination, high specific surface area and high conductivity, which are all indispensable features for heterogeneous electrochemical reactions. However, the intrinsic activity and stability of bimetallenes needs to be improved further for bimetallene electrocatalysts, due to the higher demands of practical applications. Recently, many strategies have been developed to optimize the chemical or electronic structure to accommodate transfer of reactants, adsorption or desorption of intermediates, and dissociation of products. Considering that most such work focuses on adjusting the structure, this review offers in-depth insight into recent representative strategies for optimizing bimetallene electrocatalysts, mainly including alloying, strain effects,…

MnCo spinel oxide catalysts were successfully synthesized by the calcination of bimetallic Mn/Co-MOFs as sacrificial templates. The derived catalysts exhibited optimal catalytic activity, reusability and thermal stability for toluene oxidation, which was ascribed to their large specific surface area, higher number of octahedral metal ions and the weakest metal-oxygen bonds.

This highlight article summarizes the recent developments and challenges in photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide and looks forward to the development direction of this field.

Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) are attractive compounds for their beautiful "butterfly" conformations, distinctive properties, and novel reactivities. As soon as the first example had been synthesized, a wide range of strain-release reactions were explored for the preparation of cyclobutanes and bicyclic systems in the ground state or excited state. In particular, with the demand for the construction of rigid three-dimensional aliphatic skeletons to "escape from flatland" in drug discovery programs, numerous efforts have been devoted in this area to expanding the boundaries of their reactivities and broadening the chemical space of their attractive bioisosteric products. In recent years, with the great resurgence and dramatic evolution of photochemistry, photochemical strain-release reactions generally relying on single electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) strategies can provide much more opportunities and capability for innovative transformations of BCBs. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent advances (year > 2016) of this topic and hope that it will…

This review provides an electrosynthesis strategy of H 2 O 2 via the 2e − ORR, covering aspects of reaction mechanisms, performance assessment, catalyst engineering, and setups for scaling up H 2 O 2 production.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their exceptional properties and diverse applications across various fields. The conventional batch synthesis methods for MOFs and their composites often suffer from challenges such as long reaction times, poor reproducibility, and limited scalability. Continuous flow synthesis has emerged as a promising alternative for overcoming these limitations. In this short review, we discuss the recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives of continuous flow synthesis in the context of MOFs and their composites. The review delves into a brief overview of the fundamental principles of flow synthesis, highlighting its advantages over batch methods. Key benefits, including precise control over reaction parameters, improved scalability and efficiency, rapid optimization capabilities, enhanced reaction kinetics and mass transfer, and increased safety and environmental sustainability, are addressed. Additionally, the versatility and flexibility of flow synthesis techniques are…

In recent years, visible light-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) has emerged as an attractive approach for synthesizing a range of functionalized molecules. Compared to conventional photoredox reactions, photoinduced LMCT activation does not depend on redox potential and offers diverse reaction pathways, making it particularly suitable for the activation of inert bonds and the functional modification of complex organic molecules. This review highlights the indispensable role of photoinduced LMCT in synthetic chemistry, with a focus on recent advancements in LMCT-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), C-C bond cleavage, decarboxylative transformations, and radical ligand transfer (RLT) reactions.

Efficient storage of thermal energy can be greatly enhanced by the use of phase change materials (PCMs). The selection or development of a useful PCM requires careful consideration of many physical and chemical properties. In this review of our recent studies of PCMs, we show that linking the molecular structures of organic molecules to their physical properties can be used to focus attention on the most useful PCMs, including eutectic mixtures. Two of the major limitations concerning broader use of phase change materials are low thermal conductivity, especially for organic phase change materials, and suitable containment. We have addressed both issues in our recent investigations of novel form-stable composite PCMs with a freeze-cast matrix. The use of thorough experimental investigations, including cycling of materials hundreds or thousands of times through the melt-freeze processes, promotes our goals of advancing the use of PCMs for increased energy efficiency and sustainability.

Heterocyclic skeletons are commonly found in various bioactive molecules and pharmaceutical compounds, making them crucial in areas such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, and the realm of natural product synthesis. In recent years, the rapid advancements of visible light methodologies in organic synthesis have shown promising potential for the development of light-induced carbene transfer reactions. This is particularly significant as most organic molecules do not absorb visible light. Free carbene, known for its high activity, is frequently utilized for insertion reactions or cyclopropanation reactions. This review focuses on the photochemical strategy for the construction of heterocyclic skeletons, specifically highlighting the methods that employ visible light-promoted carbene transfer reactions.

The DRIFTS analyses show that the conversion from HCOO* to H 3 CO* is accelerated at high pressure, which is the reason for the high methanol selectivity of In 2 O 3 for CO 2 hydrogenation.

Efficient utilization of light energy is crucial for various technological applications ranging from solar energy conversion to optoelectronic devices. Supramolecular light-harvesting systems (LHS) have emerged as promising platforms for enhancing light absorption and energy transfer process. In this Feature Article, we highlight the utilization of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) chromophores as antennas in supramolecular assemblies for light harvesting applications. TPE, as an archetypal aggregation-induced emission (AIE) chromophore, offers unique advantages such as high photostability and efficient light-harvesting capabilities upon self-assembly. We discuss the design principles and synthetic strategies employed to construct supramolecular assemblies incorporating TPE chromophores, elucidating their roles as efficient light-harvesting antennas. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms governing energy transfer processes within these assemblies, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The potential applications of these TPE-based supramolecular systems in various fields,…

to cyclic carbonates that are able to combine availability, low cost and an adequate performance. We review here several recyclable catalytic systems that are readily available, easy to prepare, and inexpensive with an eye to the future development of more efficient practical catalysts through the provided guidelines.

To gain a better understanding of the structure-performance relationships, great endeavors have been devoted to ligand design, metal node regulation, active metal site construction, cavity size adjustment, and function-oriented ligand modification, thus opening up routes toward rationally designed MOCs with enhanced capabilities. Focusing on the unveiled structure-performance relationships of MOCs towards target gas molecules, this review consists of two parts, gas adsorption and gas separation, which are discussed separately. Each part discusses the cage assembly process, gas adsorption strategies, host-guest chemistry, and adsorption properties. Finally, we briefly overviewed the challenges and future directions in the rational development of MOC-based sorbents for application in challenging gas adsorption and separation, including the development of high adsorption capacity MOCs oriented by adsorbability and the development of highly selective adsorption MOCs oriented by separation performance.

Membrane-based gas separation, characterized by a small footprint, low energy consumption and no pollution, has gained widespread attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gas separation. Metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be one of the most promising membrane-based gas separation materials because of their large specific surface area and high porosity. One of the hottest studies at the moment is how to utilize the characteristics of MOFs to prepare higher performance gas separation membranes. This paper provides a review of gas separation membranes used in recent years. Firstly, the synthesis methods of MOFs and MOF membranes are briefly introduced. Then, methods to improve the membrane properties of MOFs are described in detail, and include applications of lamellar MOFs, ionic liquid (IL) spin coating, functionalization of MOFs, defect engineering and mixed fillers. In addition, the challenges of MOF-based gas separation membranes are presented, including pore size, environmental disturbances, plasticization, interfacial compatibility, and…

For over a century, fingerprints have served as a pivotal tool for identification of individuals owing to their enduring characteristics and easily apparent features, particularly in the realm of criminal investigations. Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are "invisible fingerprints" that are most commonly available at crime scenes and require a rapid, selective, sensitive, and convenient method for detection. However, existing fingerprint development techniques harbour limitations, prompting the exploration of novel approaches that prioritize investigator safety and environmental sustainability. Leveraging the unique photophysical properties of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) has emerged as a promising strategy for on-site analysis of LFP visualization. In this highlight, we have presented a comparative analysis of various AIEgens (organic compounds, metal complexes, nanoparticles, and polymers) for the development and detection of LFPs. Through this examination, insights into the efficiency and potential applications of AIE-based fingerprint development techniques are…

, α-keto, aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, and aromatic analogs for a concise overview to the readership. The association of decarboxylative radical species with coupling partners to construct C-C and C-N/O/S/P/X bonds for each analogous acid has been presented in brief.

Macrocyclic receptors have emerged as versatile and efficient molecular tools for the recognition and sensing of anions, playing a pivotal role in molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry. The following review provides an overview of the recent advances in the design, synthesis, and applications of macrocyclic receptors specifically tailored for anion recognition. The unique structural features of macrocycles, such as their well-defined structures and pre-organised binding sites, contribute to their exceptional anion-binding capabilities that have led to their application across a broad range of the chemical and biological sciences.

, chiral self-assembly and chiral host-guest chemistry). Therefore, research into planar chiral organic compounds has become a hotspot for CPL. It is time to summarize the recent developments in CPL-active compounds based on planar chirality. In this feature article, we summarize various types of CPL-active compounds based on planar chirality. Meanwhile, we overview recent research in the field of planar chiral CPL-active compounds in terms of optoelectronic devices, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical sensing. Finally, we discuss their future research prospects in the field of CPL-active materials. We hope that this review will be helpful to research work related to planar chiral luminescent materials and promote the development of chiral macrocyclic chemistry.

Co(III)-catalyst, (2) chiral carboxylic acid with achiral Cp*Co(III)-catalysts using monodentate directing groups, (3) cobalt/salox-based systems, and (4) cobalt/chiral phosphoric acid-based hybrid systems with bidentate directing groups. Herein, we highlight the recent developments in high-valent cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective C-H functionalization up to October 2023, with the strong belief that the current state-of-the-art can attract considerable interest in the synthetic community, encouraging discoveries in the evolving landscape of asymmetric catalysis.

detoxification or resistance, playing a pivotal role in the speciation, bioavailability, and mobility of heavy metals. Therefore, studies on the mechanism for the microbial transformation of heavy metals are of great importance and can provide guidance for heavy metal bioremediation. Current research studies on the microbial transformation of heavy metals mainly focus on the single oxidation, reduction and methylation pathways. However, complex microbial transformation processes and corresponding bioremediation strategies have never been clarified, which may involve the inherent physicochemical properties of heavy metals. To uncover the underlying mechanism, we reclassified heavy metals into three categories based on their biological transformation pathways, namely, metals that can be chelated, reduced or oxidized, and methylated. Firstly, we comprehensively characterized the difference in transmembrane pathways between heavy metal cations and anions. Further, biotransformation based on chelation by low-molecular-weight organic complexes is thoroughly discussed. Moreover, the…

Chiral 2D and quasi-2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are emerging as promising materials for a variety of applications principally related to optoelectronics and spintronics, thanks to the combined benefits deriving from both the chiral cation and the perovskite structure. Since its recent birth, this research field is tremendously growing, focalizing on the chemical composition tuning to unveil its influence on the related functional properties as well as on developing devices for practical applications. In this review, we focused on the properties of 2D and quasi-2D chiral HOIPs, firstly providing an overview on their chiroptical behaviour followed by their potential exploitation in devices investigated so far for various applicative fields.

Creating a built-in electric field (BIEF) in catalysts represents an effective strategy to promote electron transfer and induce asymmetric charge distribution, thereby facilitating surface dynamic reconstruction under oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions. This review summarizes recent advancements in the field of OER electrocatalysts, with a focus on regulating the work function of components to tailor the BIEFs to guide surface reconstruction processes. It also discusses the importance of surface reconstruction in improving electrocatalytic performance and the influence of BIEFs on the reconstruction of catalysts. By analyzing various strategies for manipulating electric fields for guiding surface reconstruction of OER electrocatalysts, along with numerous representative examples, this review highlights how these techniques can enhance catalytic activity and stability. The findings underscore the potential of engineered BIEFs as a powerful tool in the design of next-generation electrocatalysts, paving the way for more efficient energy conversion technologies.

generated aryl/alkyl radicals and categorizes the procedures by the specific radical precursors applied. With an emphasis on the reaction conditions, mechanisms and representative substrate scopes of these protocols, this review aims to demonstrate the current trends and future challenges of this emerging field.

In an era so focused on sustainability, it is important to improve chemical processes by developing and using more environmentally friendly solvents and technologies. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have proven to be a promising replacement for conventional solvents. In recent years, a new type of DES has emerged that responds to various stimuli. These responsive DES (RDES) may offer all the advantages of DES while allowing the recycling and reuse of solvents. As such, RDES can further contribute to a greener future. This review provides an overview of the diverse types of RDES, their switching mechanisms and their application in several fields. Lastly, it offers a critical perspective on current shortcomings and prospects.

Nanoarchitectonics, as a post-nanotechnology concept, constructs functional materials and structures using nanounits of atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as materials. With the concept of nanoarchitectonics, asymmetric structures, and hierarchical organization, rather than mere assembly and organization of structures, can be produced, where rational physical and chemical communications will lead to the development of more advanced functional materials. Layer-by-layer assembly can be a powerful tool for this purpose, as exemplified in this feature paper. This feature article explores the possibility of constructing advanced functional systems based on recent examples of layer-by-layer assembly. We will illustrate both the development of more basic methods and more advanced nanoarchitectonics systems aiming towards practical applications. Specifically, the following sections will provide examples of (i) advancement in basics and methods, (ii) physico-chemical aspects and applications, (iii) bio-chemical aspects and applications, and (iv) bio-medical applications. It can be concluded…

Porous organic cages (POCs) represent a notable category of porous materials, showing remarkable material properties due to their inherent porosity. Unlike extended frameworks which are constructed by strong covalent or coordination bonds, POCs are composed of discrete molecular units held together by weak intermolecular forces. Their structure and chemical traits can be systematically tailored, making them suitable for a range of applications including gas storage and separation, molecular separation and recognition, catalysis, and proton and ion conduction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of POCs, covering their synthesis methods, structure and properties, computational approaches, and applications, serving as a primer for those who are new to the domain. A special emphasis is placed on the growing role of computational methods, highlighting how advanced data-driven techniques and automation are increasingly aiding the rapid exploration and understanding of POCs. We conclude by addressing the prevailing challenges and future prospects in the field.

Ru/Ni-CNCT with rich Ni–N(O)–C sites exhibits efficient electrocatalytic activity due to electronic coupling interaction and redistribution.

catalyst has the characteristics of low Ru loading and a hollow structure, which endow it with good electrocatalytic activity and stability for the HER.

PBFI- x %GTA membranes with twisted polymer structure and multiple hydrogen bonding sites were prepared and displayed high HT-PEMFC performance.

-methyl position, boron position, 2,6-position, and 3,5-position. Furthermore, the application of these BODIPY photocages in biomedical fields, such as fluorescence imaging and controlled release of active species, is discussed.

In this review, the state-of-the-art advances in radical-involved C(sp 3 )–N bond formation via metallaphotoredox catalysis have been highlighted, which are organized according to different catalytic modes, reaction types, and substrate classes.

production, potential improvement, conversion efficiency, selectivity, faradaic efficiency, and their potential for industrial-scale applications. Furthermore, we address future advancements and challenges in this field, providing insights into the prospects and challenges associated with the continued development and deployment of MOFs for hybrid water electrolysis.

The twelve principles of green chemistry illuminate the pathway in the direction of sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis, marking a fundamental shift in synthetic organic chemistry paradigms. In this realm, harnessing the power of visible light for the difunctionalization of various skeletons without employing any external oxidant or reductant, specifically termed as redox-neutral difunctionalization, has attracted tremendous interest from synthetic organic chemists due to its low cost, easy availability and environmentally friendly nature in contrast to traditional metal-catalyzed difunctionalizations. This review presents an overview of recent updates on visible-light-induced redox-neutral difunctionalization reactions with literature coverage up to May 2024.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become increasingly utilized in the analysis of biological molecules. MSI grants the ability to spatially map thousands of molecules within one experimental run in a label-free manner. While MSI is considered by most to be a qualitative method, recent advancements in instrumentation, sample preparation, and development of standards has made quantitative MSI (qMSI) more common. In this feature article, we present a tailored review of recent advancements in qMSI of therapeutics and biomolecules such as lipids and peptides/proteins. We also provide detailed experimental considerations for conducting qMSI studies on biological samples, aiming to advance the methodology.

There are various interactions that either partially fit or do not fit the currently accepted definitions of the hydrogen bond.

, and all-solid-state LMBs. By integrating the current research findings, we highlight the opportunities and future research directions for high-energy-density LMBs, offering new guiding perspectives for their development under practical conditions.

assembled on a nickel foam skeleton are fabricated by a spontaneous redox reaction. Due to the synergistic effect of the increase of exposed active sites and improvement of electron transfer, the targeted catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for seawater oxidation.

water electrolysis still relies on high-purity water, while seawater electrolysis benefits from the abundance of seawater, which can be particularly beneficial for water-scarce countries, and deep-sea applications, such as floating platforms or islands. However, it faces several challenges, such as impurities in seawater, the harsh marine environment, and unpredictable costs. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on addressing these challenges through innovative solutions, including the design of robust electrocatalysts, the development of smart integrated structures, and the exploration of innovative coupled systems. In this review, the significant progress mentioned above aimed at improving the efficiency of seawater electrolysis is briefly discussed, and the challenges and prospects are provided.

Inverted singlet-triplet gaps may lead to novel molecular emitters if a rational design approach can be achieved. We uncover a substituent strategy that enables tuning of the gap and succeed in inducing inversion in near-gapless molecules. Based on known inverted-gap emitters, we design substituted analogs with even more negative singlet-triplet gaps than in the parent systems. The inversion is lost if the reverse substituent-strategy is used. We thus demonstrate a definite set of conceptual design rules for inverted gap molecules.

)-H bonds can be retained under the oxidative halogenation conditions. This method also shows application potential for late-stage functionalization.

This feature article summarizes our efforts towards developing Rh-catalyzed reactions of gem -difluorinated cyclopropanes, briefly discussing the design, selectivity, mechanisms and future research prospects.

-hybrid coordinated, highly preorganized structure, and unsymmetric structure. Each category's design principles, extraction, and separation performance as well as their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, we have summarized and compared the unique characteristics of the existing extractants and provided an outlook. This work may offer a reliable reference for the precise identification and selective separation between An(III) and Ln(III), and point the way for future development and exploration.

deposition methods with low metal-support interaction. In this respect, nanoparticle exsolution has emerged as a promising method for fabricating oxide-supported nanocatalysts with high interaction between the metal and the oxide support. This is due to the mechanism involved in nanoparticle exsolution, which is based on the migration of metal cations in the oxide support to its surface, where they nucleate and grow as metallic nanoparticles partially embedded in the oxide. This anchorage confers high robustness against sintering or coking-related problems. For these reasons, exsolution has attracted great interest in the last few years. Multiple works have been devoted to proving the high catalytic stability of exsolved metallic nanoparticles in several applications for high-temperature energy storage and conversion. Additionally, considerable attention has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanism of metallic nanoparticle exsolution. However, this growing field has not been limited to these types of studies and recent discoveries at the forefront of materials…

single atom active sites remarkably boost up the electrocatalytic performances, corroborated by density functional theory (DFT). More efforts in this comprehensive feature article are expected to achieve insights into the fundamental understanding of electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms in our lab and serve as a guide for creating cutting-edge electrocatalysts of transition metal oxide clusters.

Fluorescence-based chemical sensors have garnered significant attention due to their rapid response, high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and ease of operation. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively utilized as platforms for constructing fluorescence sensors, owing to their ultra-high porosity, flexible tunability, and excellent luminescent properties. This feature article summarizes the progress made mainly by our research group in recent years in the construction strategies, principles, and types of MOF sensors, as well as their applications in quantitative sensing, qualitative identification analysis, and multimodal/multifunctional analysis. In addition, the challenges and an outlook on the future progression of MOF-based sensors are discussed, highlighting how these studies can contribute to addressing these issues. Hopefully, this feature article can provide some valuable guidance for the construction and application of MOFs in fluorescence sensing, thereby broadening their practical applications.

(Zr) were obtained by using a simple solution casting method. By introducing fluorinated groups, the interaction between the MOF and the polymer was significantly improved, which not only stabilizes the SEI layer but also improves the ionic conductivity of the SCEs, thus advancing the practical application of solid composite electrolytes in lithium metal batteries.

Sucrose-derived micro spherical hard carbon with diverse porosity and closed pores exhibits an excellent reversible capacity of 251 mA h g −1 at 1C and capacity retention of 84% after 500 cycles.

A hexagonal 2D Cu-based MOF with planar CuO 4 nodes, denoted as Cu-HATNA, was developed and employed as an electrocatalyst for direct electrosynthesis of urea from CO 2 and NO 3 − .

The solvent-free mechanochemical reactions under ball milling have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional solution-based chemistry. This approach not only eliminates the necessity for large quantities of solvents and minimizes waste production, but it also facilitates a unique reaction environment that enables strategies, reactions, and compound syntheses that are typically unattainable in solution. This solvent-less synthetic strategy under ball-milling has been well employed in synthetic organic chemistry in accessing various potential organic molecules including pharmaceutically important molecules and pharmaceuticals or drug-molecules. This review highlights the potential of ball milling in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important classes of molecules without using any solvent (solvent-free conditions).

The direct conversion of methane to hydrogen and high-value hydrocarbons under mild conditions is an ideal, carbon-neutral method for utilizing natural gas resources. Compared with traditional high-temperature thermal catalytic methods, using clean light energy to activate inert C-H bonds in methane can not only significantly reduce the reaction temperature and avoid catalyst deactivation, but also surpass the limitations of thermodynamic equilibrium and provide new reaction pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive review of developments in the field of photocatalytic non-oxidative conversion of methane (PNOCM), while also highlighting our contributions, particularly focusing on catalyst design, product selectivity, and the underlying photophysical and chemical mechanisms. The challenges and potential solutions are also evaluated. The goal of this feature article is to establish a foundational understanding and stimulate further research in this emerging area.

DNAzymes, a class of single-stranded catalytic DNA with good stability, high catalytic activity, and easy synthesis, functionalization and modification properties, have garnered significant interest in the realm of biosensing and bioimaging. Their integration with fluorescent dyes or chemiluminescent moieties has led to remarkable bioimaging outcomes, while DNAzyme-based biosensors have demonstrated robust sensitivity and selectivity in detecting metal ions, nucleic acids, proteins, enzyme activities, exosomes, bacteria and microorganisms. In addition, by delivering DNAzymes into tumor cells, the mRNA therein can be cleaved to regulate the expression of corresponding proteins, which has further propelled the application of DNAzymes in cancer gene therapy and synergistic therapy. This paper reviews the strategies for screening attractive DNAzymes such as SELEX and high-throughput sequencing, and briefly describes the amplification strategies of DNAzymes, which mainly include catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), DNA walker, hybridization chain reaction (HCR), DNA origami, CRISPR-Cas12a,…

and water molecules. Although challenges remain, future directions may focus on more innovative molecular designs, optimizing synthetic methods, improving membrane transport properties, integrating responsive designs that adapt to environmental stimuli, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations. By emphasizing the pivotal role of aromatic foldamers in modern chemistry, this review aims to inspire further development, offering new molecular toolboxes and strategies to address technological and biological challenges in chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science.

The application of rearrangement reactions offers opportunities for the efficient construction of complex molecules that are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic methods. However, the development of radical-mediated rearrangements has lagged far behind that of ionic-type rearrangements, due to the uncontrollability of radical species. Along with the recent renaissance in radical chemistry, radical-mediated functional group migration (FGM) reactions provide a versatile platform for the selective incorporation of functional groups across different molecular distances, enabling the construction of intricate molecular architectures. In the past few years, FGM reactions have showcased plentiful reaction modes, rendering precious control in terms of chemo- and regio-selectivities. This feature article summarizes our achievements in radical-mediated FGM reactions, wherein brief discussion of related works from other laboratories is also included. In this feature article, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the progress in this emerging area.

-methacryloyl benzamides was developed. Various radical receptors were compatible with the current reaction system to furnish diverse heterocyclic compounds. Mechanistic analysis shows that the formation of an EDA complex was crucial to the photocatalytic strategy. Importantly, 4-cyanoalkyl isoquinoline-1,3-diones were obtained in high yields by using a catalytic amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) through prolonging the reaction time, which provided a practical approach to give a variety of isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives.

). However, the clinical application of SOD is severely limited due to its structural instability and high cost. Compared with natural enzymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, nanoenzymes, are more stable, economical and easy to modify and their activity can be adjusted. Certain nanozymes that exhibit SOD-like activity have been created and shown to help prevent illnesses brought about by oxidative stress. These SOD-like nanozymes offer an important solution to the problems associated with the clinical application of SOD. In this review, we briefly introduce neurodegenerative diseases, present the research progress of SOD-like nanoenzymes in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, review their mechanism of action in the treatment and diagnosis of brain diseases, and discuss the shortcomings of the current research with a view to providing a reference for future research. We expect more highly active SOD-like nanoenzymes to be developed with a wide range of applications in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.

In pursuit of global carbon neutrality, countries are intensifying their efforts to harness clean energy sources. Hydrogen emerges as a superior alternative to traditional fossil fuels and plays a crucial role in the global energy shift. Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) systems are lauded for their high hydrogen storage capacity, ease of handling, and safe and efficient transportation, positioning them as effective solutions for extensive hydrogen storage and international distribution. Nevertheless, the dehydrogenation of hydrogen-rich LOHCs is slow, requiring high temperatures and substantial energy inputs. Addressing these challenges by reducing energy demands and improving dehydrogenation rates is essential for advancing LOHC technology. This paper comprehensively examines various LOHC systems, focusing on the selection of carriers and dehydrogenation catalysts, and their dehydrogenation efficacy. It also highlights our recent contributions in photocatalytic LOHC and outlines future research directions to enhance LOHC technology.

In this work, nitrate reduction to ammonia was achieved using P-doped Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets. Impressively, this catalyst showed ampere-level nitrate reduction in a flow cell, implying its potential for sustainable ammonia production.

Since 1990, commercial lithium-ion batteries have made significant strides, approaching their theoretical performance limits, albeit with escalating costs. To address these challenges, attention has shifted toward lithium-sulfur batteries, which offer higher theoretical energy densities and cost-effectiveness. However, lithium-sulfur cells face challenges such as active-material loss, excessive electrolyte usage, and rapid degradation of lithium-metal anodes. To overcome these issues, research has focused on optimizing cell configurations and fabrication parameters while exploring novel electrolytes and electrode materials. This feature article delves into the intrinsic material challenges and extrinsic engineering issues in current lithium-sulfur research and explores the development of advanced lithium-sulfur cells with crucial progress on high-loading sulfur cathodes, lean-electrolyte cells, and solid-state electrolytes. Moreover, it outlines the fundamental principles, structures, performances, and developmental trajectories indicated in research articles published after 2020,…

, being 3.75- and 4.81-time higher than those of the commercially available Pt/C, respectively. The as-made FAOR electrocatalyst shows superior CO-tolerance and electrocatalytic stability during long-term operation conditions due to the synergistic contributions of each component in the overall catalyst system.

Herein, a facile strategy was established to build mechanoresponsive luminogens with high sensitivity to substituents and positional effects. Even in slightly different structures, distinct optical phenomena, including fluorescence efficiency and mechano-responsive properties, were clearly present. Outstanding mechanical-induced emission enhancement (5-100 times) properties and reversibility makes for promising applications in pressure sensors and OLEDs.

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has attracted attention owing to its operation in alkaline environments, which offers the advantage of not requiring the use of precious metals. Additionally, AEMWE exhibits higher kinetics in the hydrogen evolution reaction, enabling higher hydrogen production efficiency. The anion-exchange membrane (AEM) fabrication, catalyst design, and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are crucial for enhancing the total water electrolysis performance. There is an urgent need to summarize the advances in the development of AEMWE to pave the way for the commercialization of AEMWE. In this review, first, the fundamental principles of AEMWE technology are introduced. Second, the optimization of AEM with high ion conductivity and high stability through innovative synthetic methods are discussed in detail. Third, the designs of catalysts to increase the reaction rates by regulating the OH-adsorption environment and relieving OH blockage are introduced. Last but not least, a systematic summary of the concepts of 3D-ordered MEA, 3D-unified MEA, and…

different mechanisms. In radical hydroboration, a boryl radical is initially generated from homolytic cleavage of a B-H or a B-B bond, which is then added to an unsaturated double bond to deliver a carbon radical. Subsequent hydrogen atom transfer or reduction of the carbon radical to form a carbanion followed by protonation gave the final product. Over the past few years, numerous efforts have been made for efficient synthesis of boryl radicals and the expansion of substrate scope of the radical hydroboration reaction. Here, we discuss the recent advancement of radical hydroboration and its associated mechanisms. Numerous radical hydroboration strategies employing N-heterocyclic carbene borane, bis(pinacolato)diboron and pinacolborane as the boron source were illustrated. Thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical strategies for the generation of boryl radicals were also discussed in detail.

rearrangements that proceed exclusively by normal-sized ring cyclisation steps. Ensuring that there is adequate thermodynamic driving force for ring expansion is a key challenge when designing such methods, especially for the expansion of normal-sized rings into medium-sized rings. This Article is predominantly focused on methods developed in our own laboratory, with selected works by other groups also discussed. Thermodynamic considerations, mechanism, reaction design, route planning and future perspective for this field are all covered.

, copper pnictogen sulfides, and chalcogenide perovskites. Finally, we discuss future opportunities in this field of research, both considering fundamental and applied perspectives. Overall, this review can serve as a roadmap to researchers tackling challenges in solution processed metal chalcogenides to better accelerate progress on thin films photovoltaics and other semiconductor applications.

Due to their exceptional chemical stability in water and high structural tunability, zirconium(IV)-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) have been considered attractive materials in the broad fields of electrocatalysis. Numerous studies published since 2015 have attempted to utilise Zr-MOFs in electrocatalysis, with the porous framework serving as either the active electrocatalyst or the scaffold or surface coating to further enhance the performance of the actual electrocatalyst. Herein, the roles of Zr-MOFs in electrocatalytic processes are discussed, and some selected examples reporting the applications of Zr-MOFs in various electrocatalytic reactions, including several studies from our group, are overviewed. Challenges, limitations and opportunities in using Zr-MOFs in electrocatalysis in future studies are discussed.

) and are insensitive towards friction (>360 N) and impact (10 J), having moderate to excellent thermal stability (171-262 °C). It is worth mentioning that the zwitterionic fused pyrazolo-triazole compound 2 and its energetic salts offer remarkable performance as new-generation thermally stable energetic materials.

Application of the borrowing hydrogen strategy facilitates utilization of abundantly available alcohols for linear or branched long-chain alcohols. Selective synthesis of such alcohols is highly challenging and involves the utilization of transition metal catalysts towards the desired cross-coupled product. Herein, we have highlighted recent advances (from 2015 to 2023) towards the synthesis of higher alcohols. Major focus has been given to the development of ligands, including transition metal catalysts. Judicious catalyst design plays a key role in the alkylation process and is summarised in this review.

)-H alkylation combines organic catalysis, photochemistry and electrochemistry, avoiding the need for external metal-reagents, HAT-reagents, and oxidants. This protocol exhibits good substrate tolerance and functional group compatibility, providing a straightforward and powerful pathway to access a variety of alkylated heteroarenes under green conditions.

Densely grafted polymer and polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes, owing to their significant abilities to functionalize surfaces for a plethora of applications in sensing, diagnostics, current rectification, surface wettability modification, drug delivery, and oil recovery, have attracted significant attention over the past several decades. Unfortunately, most of the attention has primarily focused on understanding the properties of the grafted polymer and the PE chains with little attention devoted to studying the behavior of the brush-supported ions (counterions needed to screen the PE chains) and water molecules. Over the past few years, our group has been at the forefront of addressing this gap: we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying a wide variety of polymer and PE brush systems with specific attention to unraveling the properties and behavior of the brush-supported water molecules and ions. Our findings have revealed some of the most fascinating properties of such brush-supported ions and water molecules, including the most remarkable control of…

incorporation of photoactive moieties into their structural assembly. Photoresponsive MOFs exhibit a massive variety of exciting properties, including photochromism, photomagnetism, photoluminescence, photon up or down conversion, photoconductivity, nonlinear optical properties, photosalient effects and photoinduced switching of conformations. These photoresponsive properties of MOFs regulate different potential applications, such as on-demand gas sorption and separation, optical sensing, fabrication of photoactuators and photosensing electronic devices, dye degradation, catalysis, cargo delivery, ink-free erasable printing, bio-imaging and drug delivery in biological systems. Therefore, judicious crystal engineering along with an understanding of their structure-property relationship will lead to the fabrication of desired photosensitive MOFs. Herein, we attempted to incorporate categorical descriptions based on advanced applications of photoresponsive MOFs considering a wide range of recent publications.

Amides and peptides are ubiquitous functional groups found in several natural and artificial materials, and they are essential for the advancement of life and material sciences. In particular, their relevance in clinical medicine and drug discovery has increased in recent years. Dehydrative condensation of readily available carboxylic acids with amines is the most "direct" method for amide synthesis; however, this methodology generally requires a stoichiometric amount of condensation agent (coupling reagent). Catalytic direct dehydrative amidation has become an "ideal" methodology for synthesizing amides from the perspective of green chemistry, with water as the only byproduct in principle, high atom efficiency, environmentally friendly, energy saving, and safety. Conversely, organoboron compounds, such as boronic acids, which are widely used in various industries as coupling reagents for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions or pharmaceutical structures, are environmentally friendly molecules that have low toxicity and are easy to handle. Based on the chemical properties of…

The current insufficient recycling of commodity polymer waste has resulted in pressing environmental and human health issues in our modern society. In the quest for next-generation polymer materials, chemists have recently shifted their attention to the design of chemically recyclable polymers that can undergo depolymerization to regenerate monomers under mild conditions. During the past decade, ring-closing metathesis reactions have been demonstrated to be a robust approach for the depolymerization of polyolefins, producing low-strain cyclic alkene products which can be repolymerized back to new batches of polymers. In this review, we aim to highlight the recent advances in chemical recycling of polyolefins enabled by ring-closing metathesis depolymerization (RCMD). A library of depolymerizable polyolefins will be covered based on the ring size of their monomers or depolymerization products, including five-membered, six-membered, eight-membered, and macrocyclic rings. Moreover, current limitations, potential applications, and future opportunities of the RCMD approach will be…

Herein, we present an overview of continuous flow chemistry, including photoflow and electroflow technologies in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and fine chemical intermediates. Examples highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with continuous flow processes, mainly involving continuous thermal, photo- and electrochemical transformations, are drawn from the relevant literature, especially our experience and collaborations in this area, with emphasis on the synthesis and prospective scale-up.

Inspired by natural photosynthetic systems that feature both sequential energy transfer and temperature response, we herein report an artificial thermosensitive sequential light-harvesting system (LHS) based on an amphiphilic molecule TPEO. It self-assembles into fluorescent nanoparticles in water and shows tunable LCST behavior. By loading ESY as the first acceptor and NiR as the second acceptor into the nanoparticles, an artificial LHS with two-step FRET was successfully constructed. Interestingly, the system exhibits thermosensitive colorimetric fluorescence in both aqueous solution and hydrogel by taking advantage of a combination of LCST and sequential FRET.

In this study, a new type of gold nano-bipyramids@CuZn bimetallic organic framework (AuNBPs@CuZn MOF) nanozyme with high peroxidase (POD)-like activity and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity was constructed with a special core-shell structure, which can catalyze the oxidation of TMB (colourless and Raman-inactive) into ox-TMB (blue and Raman-active). An AuNBPs@CuZn MOF-enabling universal SERS and colorimetric dual-model bioassay was thus developed for biomolecules with excellent performance, and has promising application prospects in the biosensing fields.

The practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is inevitably associated with serious safety risks due to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites. Thus, to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites, many researchers have focused on constructing three-dimensional porous current collectors with a high specific surface area. However, the homogeneous structure of porous collectors does not effectively guide the deposition of lithium metal to the bottom, leading to a phenomenon known as "top-growth." Recently, the construction of 3D porous current collectors with a lithiophilic gradient has been widely reported and regarded as an effective approach to inhibit lithium top-growth, thus improving battery safety. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on such anode current collector design strategies, including surface modification of different base materials, design of gradient structures, and field factors, emphasizing their lithium-affinity mechanism and the advantages and disadvantages of different collector designs. Finally, we provide a perspective…

Alkene carbofunctionalization reactions have great potential for synthesizing complex molecules and constructing complex structures in natural products and medicinal chemistry. Recently, dual photoredox/nickel catalysis has emerged as a novel strategy for alkene carbofunctionalization. Nickel offers numerous advantages over other transition metals, such as cost-effectiveness, abundance, and low toxicity, and moreover, it has many oxidation states. Nickel catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity in dual photoredox/transition metal catalysis, facilitating the formation of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds in organic transformations. This review highlights the latest advancements in dual photoredox/nickel-catalyzed alkene carbofunctionalizations and includes the literature published from 2020 to 2024.

Bacterial pathogens are responsible for a variety of human diseases, necessitating their prompt detection for effective diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Over recent years, electrochemical methods have gained significant attention owing to their exceptional sensitivity and rapidity. This review outlines the current landscape of electrochemical biosensors employed in clinical diagnostics for the detection of bacterial pathogens. We categorize these biosensors into four types: amperometry, potentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and conductometry, targeting various bacterial components, including toxins, virulence factors, metabolic activity, and events related to bacterial adhesion and invasion. We discuss the merits and challenges associated with electrochemical methods, underscoring their rapid response, high sensitivity, and specificity, while acknowledging the necessity for skilled operators and potential interference from biological and environmental factors. Furthermore, we examine future prospects and potential applications of electrochemical…

The photosynthetic pigment "chlorophyll" possesses attractive photophysical properties, including efficient sunlight absorption, photoexcited energy transfer, and charge separation, which are advantageous for applications for photo- and electro-functional materials such as artificial photosynthesis and solar cells. However, these functions cannot be realized by individual chlorophyll molecules alone; rather, they are achieved by the formation of sophisticated supramolecules through the self-assembly of the pigments. Here, we present strategies for constructing and developing artificial light-harvesting systems by mimicking photosynthetic antenna complexes through the highly ordered supramolecular self-assembly of synthetic dyes, particularly chlorophyll derivatives.

, enabling the full utilization of carbon resources for the development of a circular economy. Polyesters, a vital class of plastics, are ideal feedstocks for chemical recycling due to the easily depolymerizable ester bonds compared to polyolefins. Among them, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely used product, making its chemical recycling to a circular carbon resource a hot topic with significant concerns. In this feature article, recent progress in depolymerization of waste polyesters (PET and/or PET-containing materials) and the subsequent upgrading of depolymerized monomers (or intermediates) to valuable chemicals was reviewed and prospected. Newly reported technologies, such as thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and biocatalysis, were discussed. The achievements, challenges, and potential of industrial applications of chemical recycling of polyesters were addressed.

-based materials and provides valuable insights into utilizing these methods to enhance their photocatalytic performance. Finally, the review concludes by presenting an outlook on the future directions and challenges in the development of CN materials for photocatalysis.

Mycotoxin contamination in food products may cause serious health hazards and economic losses. The effective control and accurate detection of mycotoxins have become a global concern. Even though a variety of methods have been developed for mycotoxin detection, most conventional methods suffer from complicated operation procedures, low sensitivity, high cost, and long assay time. Therefore, the development of simple and sensitive methods for mycotoxin assay is highly needed. The introduction of nucleic acid signal amplification technology (NASAT) into aptasensors significantly improves the sensitivity and facilitates the detection of mycotoxins. Herein, we give a comprehensive review of the recent advances in NASAT-based aptasensors for assaying mycotoxins and summarize the principles, features, and applications of NASAT-based aptasensors. Moreover, we highlight the challenges and prospects in the field, including the simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins and the development of portable devices for field detection.

MXenes mixed intimately at the submicron scale. The high affinity of MXene surface for dopamine, enhanced by a nanostructuration induced by MOFs, resulted in superior sensing performances. The system exhibited good linearity over the 1-100 nM range, with an excellent limit of detection of 0.2 nM.

A series of novel protic amino acid ionic liquids (PAAILs) are designed and synthesized for the first time through acid-base neutralization and an ion exchange reaction. The PAAILs are found to be efficient, reversible, and selective CO 2 absorbents.

ions during the charge and discharge processes. This feature article provides a brief overview of our endeavors to address the challenges associated with metal selenide-based anode materials, aiming to achieve high-performance electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Our strategy encompasses nanostructure design, materials composite engineering, heteroatoms doping, and topography and interface engineering. Additionally, future research directions are also outlined.

The increasing attention towards environmental quality, food safety, public security and medical diagnosis demands high requirements and standards for chemical sensors with merits of rapid response, high precision, long-term stability and reusability. In this case, a prominent innovation in sensory materials holds potential to realize new generations of chemical sensor technologies. Specifically, photonic crystals (PCs) as structured dielectric materials with spatially periodic ordered arrangements offer unique advantages in improving the sensing performance of chemical sensors. Consequently, the promising properties of PCs promote research on their implementation as an integral part of chemical sensors. This review highlights the integration of PCs into chemical sensors including a range of building blocks for the construction of PCs with versatile opal or opal inverse structural architectures and a delicate choice of surface functionality with associated sensing interfaces for target recognition and signal transduction. Subsequently, based on their synthesis and functionality, we…

Explores C–C coupling in CO 2 reduction, focusing on atomic/electronic structure modulation, electron transfer, CO 2 adsorption, and carbon chain growth. Optimizing catalysts enhances C–C coupling for multi-carbon products.

the photocatalytic water splitting reaction on semiconductors presents a promising avenue to directly achieve solar energy conversion and storage. Bismuth-based semiconductors with layered structures, a hierarchical arrangement of components stacked in the form of two-dimensional extended layers where the atoms within each layer are typically strongly bonded, while the interactions between the layers are relatively weak, have emerged as an important series of photocatalyst candidates. In this review, we focus on the new emerging layered bismuth-based semiconductors with structures in Sillén, Aurivillius, Sillén-Aurivillius and bismuth chromate systems primarily employed in the photocatalytic water splitting reaction. From a crystal structure-oriented view, we delve into discussions on how the component and unit of a crystal structure influence the intrinsic properties, including light absorption and photogenerated charge transfer and separation, of materials as well as the corresponding photocatalytic performance of the water splitting reaction. The strategies for modulating the…

was employed to realize the construction of difluoromethylated dihydropyrazoles and tetrahydropyridazines. These protocols exhibit a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.

Europium is an f-block metal with two easily accessible oxidation states (+2 and +3) that have vastly different magnetic and optical properties from each other. These properties are tunable using coordination chemistry and are useful in a variety of applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence, and catalysis. This review describes important aspects of coordination chemistry of Eu from the Allen Research Group and others, how ligand design has tuned the properties of Eu ions, and how those properties are relevant to specific applications. The review begins with an introduction to the coordination chemistry of divalent and trivalent Eu followed by examples of how the coordination chemistry of Eu has made contributions to magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence, catalysis, and separations. The article concludes with a brief outlook on future opportunities in the field.

Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks integrated with porphyrins (Por-nMOFs) have emerged as efficient nanoplatforms for photodynamic therapy (PDT), which relies on the conversion of molecular oxygen into cytotoxic singlet oxygen. However, the hypoxic microenvironment within tumors significantly limits the efficacy of PDT. To address this challenge, researchers have explored various strategies to either alter or exploit the hypoxic conditions in tumors. One such strategy involves leveraging the porous structure of Por-nMOFs to load hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) like tirapazamine (TPZ), thereby utilizing the tumor's intrinsic hypoxic environment to trigger a chemotherapeutic effect that synergizes with PDT. Advances in nanoscience have enabled the development of porphyrin-based nMOFs capable of simultaneously loading both porphyrin photosensitizers and TPZ, ensuring effective release within cancer cells under high-phosphate conditions. The subsequent activation of co-loaded TPZ, by the tumor's own hypoxic microenvironment, and that created during PDT, facilitates a combined PDT and…

) between the ORR and the OER, specific capacity, peak power density, and charge-discharge cycling stability. Finally, this feature article discusses the challenges faced in TMP-based ZABs, proposes strategies to address these issues, and explores future directions for improving their rechargeability to meet the demands of commercial-scale energy storage technologies.

A novel wheel-shaped Zr-substituted phosphotungstate, [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 K 16 Na 10.5 H 10.5 [{Zr(C 2 O 4 ) 2 } 3 (PO 4 )(P 6 W 39 O 150 )]⋅45H 2 O was prepared, which exhibited a high proton conductivity of 1.18 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at a higher temperature of 368 K.

They have also been used as a photolabile protecting group in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology applications. Here, we summarise the recent findings on visible-light-mediated transformations involving nitro-containing organic molecules.

In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques have proven to be powerful tools for the characterisation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed between the anode and solid electrolyte (SE) in solid-state batteries. XPS offers access to time and operational condition-resolved information on the SEI’s chemical composition in the absence of destructive sample preparation. Here we present a Virtual Electrode Plating XPS (VEP-XPS) investigation of the composition and stability of the SEI formed between lithium metal and two different solid electrolytes: Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)andLi1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP). LAGP shows slower SEI formation kinetics, as proven by the emergence of a metallic lithium signal, while LGPS exhibits rapid SEI growth that prevents metallic lithium from plating. We attribute these observations to the SEI composition, distribution and physical properties of secondary de- composition products and in particular to the mixed ion-electron conductive Li3P which can be observed in LGPS and not in LAGP

Chiral macrocyclic arenes possess confined three-dimensional asymmetric cavities, electron-rich structures, chiral luminescence properties and excellent enantioselective recognition properties and have become a frontier and hotspot of macrocyclic chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of novel chiral macrocyclic arenes, which have found applications in various research areas. In this review, the construction, properties and functional applications of novel chiral macrocyclic arenes in enantioselective recognition, chiral sorting and construction of chiral luminescent materials according to their chiral types, including central, axial, planar, and inherent chiralities, are summarized. It is expected that this review will be helpful for research on supramolecular chemistry and for promoting the development of synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry and biochemistry.

). Moreover, the supramolecular features (π⋯π, C-H⋯π, hydrogen bond interactions) of redox stable MOFs provide better insight for electrochemical stability. So, this review provides an in-depth analysis of pure MOFs and MOF derived composites (MOF composites and MOF derived porous carbon) as electrode materials and also discusses their metal ion charge storage mechanism. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the current issues and future opportunities for supercapacitor materials.