The 10 most-cited articles in The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 2022

ABSTRACT: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before the age of 18 years are pervasive and noteworthy public health concerns. The ACEs are associated with sleep disorders in later life. In this study, we conduct a systematic review to explore the effects of ACEs on sleep in adulthood. Using Medical Subject Headings keywords, we searched Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, the American Psychological Association PsycArticles, and PsychInfo databases to evaluate the association between ACEs and sleep disturbances. ACEs increase the odds of developing chronic short sleep duration, that is, <6 hours of sleep per night compared with optimal sleep duration of 7-9 hours per night during adulthood. The ACEs are positively associated with poor sleep characteristics such as short sleep duration and long-term sleep problems. Clinicians should pay close attention to developmental trauma care, access community health programs, and help develop better coping skills, resiliency, and good sleep habits in their patients.

ABSTRACT: Early identification of "patients at risk" for not completing regular treatment or not benefitting (sufficiently) from treatment might be among the most cost-effective strategies in mental health care. The recently introduced concept of epistemic trust (ET) may have the potential value to predict patients at risk and therefore act as a marker of treatment outcome. We argue that ET may be the final common pathway through which aversive relational experiences in the past result in interpersonal dysfunctioning, which in turn result in dysfunctional therapeutic relationships, rendering it difficult for patients to trust whatever is offered to learn in therapy. Hence, the concept of ET can play an essential role in personalized medicine, allowing for a more tailored treatment assignment to specific patients' characteristics, which may improve treatment outcomes. In this brief report, we define the clinical features of ET by describing its core domains based on consensus of expert opinion on the concept. The response rate was high, and there was a high level of agreement across…

ABSTRACT: The discovery of psychological healing methods that are easy to master and can be developed by the individual as a means of improving students' self-psychological adjustment ability is of great practical value. This study is a randomized control trial intended to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based emotion management interventions and to test their effects on the mood state and resilience of college students. A total of 72 students were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. Thirty-six students in the intervention group received a modified mindfulness-based emotion management intervention once per week for 4 weeks, with each intervention having a duration of 80 minutes. Participants were assessed by questionnaires to measure mindfulness level, emotion, and resilience before and after intervention. There were significant interaction effects on mindfulness level (F = 97.76, p < 0.00), mood state (F = 353.52, p < 0.00), and resilience (F = 178.99, p < 0.00) scores. A modified 4-week mindfulness-based emotion management…

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 outbreak imposed stress worldwide, as daily routine changed almost overnight, with no time to prepare. A pandemic like this may trigger a chain reaction starting out as surprise, continuing to uncertainty and ending up either in adaptation or in symptoms of fear, anxiety, and/or depression. Resilience on the other hand could lessen anxiety and prove to be a prophylactic coping mechanism against distress. This study explored peritraumatic distress, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and resilient coping in a sample of 2717 adults who voluntarily and anonymously participated in an online survey conducted in April 2020, in Greece.Results indicated a moderate pandemic-related mental burden and medium resilient coping and designated IU as a significant positive predictor of peritraumatic distress; resilient coping proved to be a significant moderator that alters the strength of the association between IU and distress reactions.

ABSTRACT: Food addiction is associated with dysfunctions in the reward circuit, such as hyperresponsiveness during the exposure to high-calorie flavors in overweight and obese individuals. Similar to drug addiction, there is also impaired self-regulatory control supported by deregulation of the frontostriatal circuit. The inclusion of validated measures of food addiction in clinical research, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale, has increased the understanding of the clinical utility of this concept. Furthermore, food addiction, eating disorders, and obesity are interrelated. Thus, it is important to recognize food addiction among individuals affected by obesity and candidates for bariatric surgery (ie, preoperative and postoperative assessment). In this context, it has been reported that food addiction may impede weight loss and increase the likelihood of regaining weight when associated with personality traits such as neuroticism and impulsiveness, which are also related to mood disorders, anxiety, and addictive behaviors.

Abstract Involuntary psychiatric admission is an increasing, widespread practice adopted throughout the world; however, its legal regulation and practice are still under debate, and it is subject to criticism from the human rights point of view. Only a few studies have strictly focused on the outcomes and subsequent treatment implications of this practice. To perform a scoping review of the literature on involuntary psychiatric admission and systematize and summarize its outcomes and implications for adult psychiatric inpatients. Four overarching issues emerged from the studies: a) symptomatological repercussions, b) impacts on treatment before discharge, c) impacts on treatment after discharge, and d) implications on patients' attitudes, behavior, and functioning. The overall evidence suggested correlations between involuntary psychiatric admission and several implications: length of stay, aggressive behavior, occurrence of psychopathologies, uses of coercive measures, psychiatric service activations after discharge, emotive reactions, and quality of life. The proposal presented…

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare attitude changes reported by people who described near-death experiences (NDEs) at two periods two decades apart, to ascertain whether the attitude changes persisted over time. Participants completed the Life Changes Inventory (LCI) upon entry into the study and again two decades later, and the NDE Scale to quantify depth of the experience. Sixty-three participants (mean age at entry into study, 46 ± 10 years) had scores on the NDE Scale typical of other near-death experiencers. Scores on the LCI showed significant changes in attitudes toward life and death both on entry into the study and two decades later. LCI scores showed no significant change over that period, nor was there a significant correlation between change in LCI scores and time elapsed between the two administrations. NDEs appear to be unusual in the long-term persistence of attitude changes.

ABSTRACT: Instagram has grown in popularity among young adults and adolescents and is currently the second-favorite social network in the world. Research on its relationship to mental well-being is still relatively small and has yielded contradictory results. This study explores the relationship between time spent on Instagram and depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and disordered eating attitudes in a nonclinical sample of female Instagram users aged 18-35 years. In addition, it explores the mediating role of social comparison. A total of 1172 subjects completed a one-time-only online survey. Three different mediation analyses were performed to test the hypotheses that social comparison on Instagram mediates the association time spent on Instagram with depressive symptoms (model 1), self-esteem (model 2), and disordered eating attitudes (model 3). All three models showed that the relationship between intensity of Instagram use and the respective mental health indicator is completely mediated by the tendency for social comparison on Instagram.

ABSTRACT: Trainees often receive little guidance concerning money matters in patients' lives and treatment, that is, clinical psycho-economics. Accordingly, this article considers: a) practical approaches to inquiring about intrapsychic and interpersonal influences of money matters pertinent to psychiatric assessment; b) how money matters should impact case formulation; c) how money matters realistically impact treatment planning; and d) money matters in ongoing psychotherapy affecting transference, countertransference, and clinical supervision. To supplement their clinical experiences, the authors conducted a limited narrative review via PubMed, followed by snowballing for articles of interest. Evidence suggests that money matters influencing intrapsychic and interpersonal lives commonly cause emotional distress, generating a range of dysfunctional behaviors. These reactions manifest as explicit conflicts, implicit issues, and unequivocal money-related pathologies. Clinical vignettes illustrate specific issues. By explicitly addressing money matters in patient's intrapsychic and…

ABSTRACT: Social withdrawal in schizophrenia may be a result of "passive" motivation (reduced drive to engage) or "active" motivation (increased drive to avoid). We conducted a cross-sectional, between-subjects study using self-report measures and social cognition tasks to evaluate the relationships between motivational subtypes, social abilities, and social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum (n = 52, ages 19-34). Regression models showed significant differences in passive and active withdrawal. Passive, but not active, motivation predicted social functioning as measured by a clinical interview. This suggests that motivation, especially passive type, plays an important role in social withdrawal in schizophrenia. However, on a self-report measure of social functioning, neither passive nor active motivation predicted outcomes, suggesting a potential disconnect between observer versus self-report measures when assessing social motivation. Furthermore, performance on tasks of social abilities did not predict motivation, which supports the idea that motivation is distinct from social…